满江红·中秋寄远
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宋代]:辛弃疾
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快上西楼,怕天放、浮云遮月。但唤取、玉纤横管,一声吹裂。谁做冰壶凉世界,最怜玉斧修时节。问嫦娥、孤令有愁无?应华发。
云液满,琼杯滑。长袖起,清歌咽。叹十常八九,欲磨还缺。但愿长圆如此夜,人情未必看承别。把从前、离恨总成欢,归时说。
满江红·中秋寄远译文及注释
译文
快上西楼赏月,担心中秋月有浮云遮挡,不够明朗。请美人吹笛,驱散浮云,唤出明月。月夜的天地一片清凉洁爽,刚经玉斧修磨过的月亮,又回又亮。追问月宫里独处的嫦娥,孤冷凄寂时有没有愁恨?应该有很多白发。
回忆当年歌舞欢聚的情景,长袖善舞的佳人,清歌悲咽的佳人为之助兴添欢。叹明月十有八九悖人心意,总是圆时少、缺时多。愿明月如今夜常圆,人情未必总是别离。我欲化离恨为聚欢,待人归时再细细倾诉。
注释
寄远:寄语远人。就词意看,这个远人可能是词人眷恋过的歌舞女子。
“但唤取”两句:请美人吹笛,驱散浮云,唤出明月。按:此暗用吴殊中秋赏月事。玉纤:洁白纤细,指美人的手。横管:笛子。
冰壶:盛冰的玉壶。此喻月夜的天地一片清凉洁爽。玉斧修时节:刚经玉斧修磨过的月亮,又回又亮。
“问嫦娥”两句:想来月中嫦娥,孤冷凄寂白发。此暗用丰商隐《嫦娥》诗意:“嫦娥应悔偷灵药,碧海青天夜夜心。”孤令:即孤零。
“云液”四句:回忆当年歌舞欢聚的情景。云液满:斟满美酒。琼杯:玉杯。咽:指歌声凄清悲咽。
“叹十常”两句:叹明月十有八九津人心意,欲圆还缺。此即苏轼“何事常向别时圆”(《水调歌头》)之意。磨:修磨,指把月修圆磨亮。
“但愿”两句:愿明月如今夜常圆,人情未必总是别离。此化用苏轼《水调歌头》词意: “但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。”看承别:别样看待。
参考资料:
1、齐鲁书社 .辛弃疾词鉴赏 :齐鲁书社 ,1986年12月第1版 :第157页-第161页 .
2、叶嘉莹主编 .《辛弃疾词新释辑评》(上册) :中国书店 ,2006-01 :第25页-第28页
满江红·中秋寄远创作背景
《满江红·中秋寄远》作于末孝宗乾道中期(1169年前后),辛弃疾任建康(今江苏南京)通判。词中女子的身份有多种说法,一说是与辛弃疾有着感情纠葛的歌舞女子,即情人,一说是辛弃疾的妻子。
参考资料:
1、叶嘉莹主编 .《辛弃疾词新释辑评》(上册) :中国书店 ,2006-01 :第25页-第28页 .
满江红·中秋寄远鉴赏
此词是一首望月怀人之作,可能是与词人有着感情纠葛的歌舞女子。这个女子令词人爱慕不已。美月当空,已能勾起人无限秋思。面对中秋夜月,那怀人之情便愈发浓烈了。于是词人借月写意,传递了词人对歌舞女子的怨尤与不忍相舍的复杂感情。
词的上片就中秋月这一面来写,主要展现词人的飞扬意兴。起韵即激情喷涌,以一“快”字为催促,表达要上西楼赏月的酣畅兴致。而一“怕”字,又泄露出词人担心中秋月不够明朗的心思。在情感节奏上,此韵一扬一抑,起伏有致。接韵借用前人故事,写词人由西楼待月而请美人吹笛唤月,这就为中秋月的出场蓄足了势。三韵正面赋写中秋月的无垠光华,写得气势酣畅。在这里,词人采用了一个精彩的比喻——把月色笼罩下的世界比喻为冰壶中的世界,则月色的皎洁无垠、透明清凉之状可感。又采用了一个玉斧修月的神话,把月亮的圆美无瑕之状也形容了出来。这里的“谁做”、“最怜”二词,不仅显出了词人对此中秋月的无比赏爱之情,而且形成了相当空灵的意境。上片末韵由无边的月色回转到月亮本体,追问月宫里独处的嫦娥有没有愁恨,这也是古代赏月者在神话时代容易产生的绮情。但是通过“应华发”的自答就可以发现。词人在这里问讯娠娥的目的,并不止于发一发严格古典男子的绮情幽思,而有借之诉愁的用意。这就使上片的词情至此气脉暗转,为下文抒发别恨调好了调子。
下片开始,词人先用状写满天月色的“云液满”一句承上启下,然后展现自己在月下酣饮欢乐的情状。长袖善舞的佳人,清歌悲咽的佳人为之助兴添欢。这是最令词人愉快的场面。但是词人的心意匀不在此,词人由此中秋明月夜、由此歌舞助兴人想到的是令自己牵情的远人,于是不由自主地发出了深沉的叹息。词人叹息人生不如意事十常八九,就像天上的明月总是圆时少、缺时多一样。这一叹息,是承接着苏轼《水调派头·明月几时有》而来,其中不能不含有苏拭词中对于“月圆人不圆”的恨意,但词人此句意思显然又有所变化,词人主要是借月亮的不得长圆,叹息人事不得圆满特别是情人之间不得遂愿长聚的遗憾。“但愿”一韵,更明显地折向题目,表明尽管词人理解人事的不如意不可改变,但还是衷心地希望能够与所爱者长相聚,就像词人希望此夜月色好景能够长久护持一样。由此“不讲理”的态度,读者可以洞见词人内心的痴情。而“人情”一句,虽像是对于人间常情的遗憾却实际上是指向词人所痴情的那个人。意谓一旦离别,别人在心里未必与自己一样珍惜护持这段感情。这样的口吻,使得词人的内心幽怨苦可触及。结韵出入意想,又化幽怨的情感为期待相逢的急切之情。词人说假如能够回到她的身边,词人会将离别时所生的幽恨,转换成劝乐的感受向她尽情诉说。在这样的结韵里,词人的入骨痴情和体贴怜爱的幽绪,被传递得婉转动人。表达词人内心隐藏着的无限痴情。真豪杰,其志过人,其情也必过人。
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辛弃疾《
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一剪梅·中秋元月》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾(1140-1207),南宋词人。原字坦夫,改字幼安,别号稼轩,汉族,历城(今山东济南)人。出生时,中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军,不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》,条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情,倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤,对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责;也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词,风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合,后被弹劾落职,退隐江西带湖。
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暇日宾月集,投壶雅戏同。
傍观惊妙手,一失废前功。
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闻角
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元代:
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黄庚
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谯角咿呜到枕边,边情似向曲中传。梅花三弄月将晚,榆塞一声霜满天。
织锦佳人应有恨,枕戈老将想无眠。争如二月春风市,卖酒楼头听管弦。
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题睡凫 其一
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明代:
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童冀
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夜月沙如雪,春江水似天。烟波幽梦远,不到凤池边。