渔家
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明代]：孙承宗
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呵冻提篙手未苏，满船凉月雪模糊。
画家不识渔家苦，好作寒江钓雪图。
渔家译文及注释
译文
撑船篙的手冻僵了，呵气取暖也没有好，冰冷的月光照在船上，只见一片模糊的雪影。
画家们不了解渔人的辛苦，却偏喜欢画在下着雪的寒冷江面上垂钓的图画。
注释
呵冻：冬天手指冻僵，呵气使其温暖或融解。
渔家鉴赏
大凡诗人画家总爱把渔家生活想象成悠闲恬适，充溢着闲情逸致。因而，在失意于官场仕途，倦怠于羁旅行役时，也总把渔船钓竿，湖波江浪作为寄情的物象，柳荫船蓬即成了休憩避难的桃花源。在他们笔下，日月晨昏的渔夫生涯显得轻松舒畅，撒网逐浪的岁月也变得碧波荡漾，其乐无穷。但是，孙承宗的渔家别具一番情调，道出了渔家的艰难与哀怨，对诗人，画家号为“渔家乐”的时弊提出了诘难。
诗的前两句白描了两幅画，一幅是雪月江上风波图，一幅是浪尖捕捞图。在一个雪霁朗月的冬夜，迫于生计的渔夫撑着小船颠荡在浪尖上。江上北风凛冽，船板上涂满了清冷月光。遥看岸上厚厚的雪，在月色下闪着模糊的寒光。在阴冷的背景映衬下，凸显出打渔人家的辛苦。一个“呵”字，一个“提”字，生动逼真，人物神态毕现。呵一呵冻僵的手，试图让体温来驱走些弥漫的寒气，再拿起结满冰霜的竹篙来撑船，一股凉意直透心底，手还是麻木的，渔夫艰难的撑着篙，费力的撒着网，生活的小舟随波逐流飘荡着。
第三，第四句，直陈对诗人画家好为“渔家乐”流弊的不满。深斋重阁中的许多封建士大夫不去真正体察民苦，“不识”大自然的险风恶浪，却想当然的描摹出一幅幅风花雪月图，借以派遣仕途失意惆怅和苦闷。要想如实描绘出渔家的苦乐，没有深入民间的勇气，是不行的。此诗观察细致，格调清新，文句简洁，描摹传神，笔力矫健，是为民请命的好诗。
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辛弃疾《
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满江红·山居即事》
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佚名《
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挽舟者歌》
孙承宗简介
唐代·孙承宗的简介
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（1563—1638）高阳人，字稚绳，号恺阳。为诸生时，教读边郡，喜从老兵究问险要阨塞。万历三十二年进士。授编修，进中允。历谕德、洗马。熹宗即位，充讲官。朝臣推为兵部侍郎，主辽事。帝不欲承宗离讲筵，不许。天启二年广宁失守，乃拜兵部尚书兼东阁大学士。三年，为魏忠贤党所谗，乞归。崇祯二年，后金兵陷畿辅州县多处，思宗命承宗守通州。次年，收复遵化等四城。后以大凌河等地失守，廷臣归咎承宗筑城之计，引疾归。家居七年，十一年，清兵攻高阳，率家人拒守，城破，投环死。子孙多人皆战死。福王时谥文忠。有《高阳集》。
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