城上
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唐代]：李商隐
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有客虚投笔，无憀独上城。
沙禽失侣远，江树著阴轻。
边遽稽天讨，军须竭地征。
贾生游刃极，作赋又论兵。
城上译文及注释
译文
虽然已经从军入幕也只是徒劳无为，生活是这般无聊，我只有独自登上高城。
看沙洲上的禽鸟因失去伴侣而翘首远望，江边的树木在云彩掩映下留下淡淡的阴影。
边境的征伐一直拖延未能取胜，可繁重的军需赋税已把地方榨得民穷财尽。
唉，可叹那贾谊空有游刃有余的韬略，纵然成天作赋论兵也不过是虚度光阴。
注释
有客：诗人在郑亚幕府充任幕僚，故自称“有客”。虚：徒劳，枉自，白白地。投笔：投笔从戎的省语。
无憀（liáo）：即无聊，空虚、无所依托的样子。
沙禽：停留在沙洲上的水鸟。
著：附着。
遽（jù）：传递官府文书的驿车。稽（qǐ）：迟延。天讨：朝廷对入侵者的征讨，此指对西北边地党项族的征讨。
地征：土地赋税的征收。
贾生：指西汉政治家和文学家贾谊。游刃极：游刃有余，应付自如。
参考资料：
1、（唐）李商隐著 张强 刘海宁解评．李商隐集 名家选集卷：山西古籍出版社，2004年01月第1版：第112-113页
2、李淼著．李商隐诗三百首译赏：长春出版社，1990.12：第257页
城上创作背景
《城上》是诗人随郑亚到桂林任职，初年登楼望远触景伤怀之作。随郑亚到桂州，是诗人远离长安从此开始天涯漂泊的时期，他的目标是想有所作为再返回长安任职，但是实际上幻想全被现实击碎，来到僻远的桂林，作为一个幕僚，还是无所事事，于是写下这首诗吐露心中的愁郁。
参考资料：
1、李淼著．李商隐诗三百首译赏：长春出版社，1990.12：第257页
城上鉴赏
首联“有客虚投笔，无憀独上城”感叹自己无所事事，因“上城”远眺，拟消散心中之“无憀”。“虚”字极佳，将投笔从戎的心事勾起。“独”字传神，万般无奈独上城楼。
颔联“沙禽失侣远，江树著阴轻”写望中景色，失伴的鸟，树木在云彩掩映下留下淡淡暗影，景语即情语，这些景色是凄清空落的，这一切也压在诗人的心头。
颈联“边遽稽天讨，军须竭地征”由景物转入议论时事，诗人慨叹讨寇不力而军需赋税苛繁弄得民穷财尽。就算目睹国势动乱，自己纵有韬略，也不过是虚度光阴。国事维艰，这一联给读者以喘不过气来的重压。
尾联“贾生游刃极，作赋又论兵”宕开一笔，只言才智足以匡国的贾谊被弃之不用。由此上溯首句“虚投笔”之语，一个心忧国事、渴望报效国家的形象跃然纸上。这一联情感愤激，极写诗人心中的苦闷。
诗人登城眺远，写景抒怀，以抒发其壮志难酬的苦闷，写得情景交融，含而不露，颇有韵味。
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吕止庵《
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天净沙·为董针姑作》
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李商隐《
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西溪》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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