卜算子慢·江枫渐老
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宋代]：柳永
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江枫渐老，汀蕙半凋，满目败红衰翠。楚客登临，正是暮秋天气。引疏砧、断续残阳里。对晚景、伤怀念远，新愁旧恨相继。
脉脉人千里。念两处风情，万重烟水。雨歇天高，望断翠峰十二。侭无言、谁会凭高意。纵写得、离肠万种，奈归云谁寄。
卜算子慢·江枫渐老译文及注释
译文
江岸的枫叶渐渐衰老，水洲的蕙草半已枯凋，满眼衰败的红花绿叶。楚乡作客，登高望远，正逢这样的暮秋天气。传来了稀疏的捣衣声，断断续续回响在残阳里。面对这傍晚景象，我悲伤怀抱，思念远人，新愁和旧恨，接连涌起。
相思之人隔断在脉脉千里之外。两处思念情怀，相隔千山万水。雨停云散天空高远，望不尽远处十二座苍翠山峰。无言相诉，谁会登高望远抒发心中的情意？纵然写得千万种分离的痛苦情思，无奈谁能驾驭行云寄去我的相思情书？
注释
①江枫：江边枫树。
②汀蕙：沙汀上的葱草。楚客：客居楚地的人。温庭筠《雨》诗：“楚客秋江上，萧萧故国情。”登临，登山临水。
③疏砧：稀疏继续的捣衣声。砧，捣衣石。
④脉脉：含情不语貌。见温庭筠《梦江南》（梳洗罢）注②。
⑤翠峰十二：即巫山十二峰。《天中记》：“巫山十二峰，曰：望霞、翠屏、朝云、松峦、集仙、聚鹤、净坛、上升、起云、飞凤、登龙、圣泉。”
⑥谁会：谁能理解。
⑦归云：喻归思。唐薛能《麟中寓居寄蒲中友人》诗：“边心生落日，乡思羡归云。更在相思处，子规灯下闻。”
参考资料：
1、徐培均．婉约词萃：华东师范大学出版社，2003：41-42
2、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根主编；王晓波译注．古代文史名著选译丛书 宋四家词选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第24页
卜算子慢·江枫渐老创作背景
古代妇女，每逢秋季，就用磁杵捣练，制寒衣以寄在外的征夫。所以他乡作客的人，每闻石甚声，就生旅愁。这里也是暗喻长期漂泊， “伤怀念远”之意。
卜算子慢·江枫渐老鉴赏
上阕写景，奠定了凄清的基调，烘托出抑郁怀人的氛围。
“江枫渐老、汀蕙半凋，满目败红衰翠。”篇头三句，乃登高所见。“败红”就是“渐老”的“江枫”，“衰翠”就是“半凋”的“汀蕙”，而曰“满目”，则是举枫树、蕙草以概其余，点出当时已是深秋时节了，整个画面呈现红和绿两种时比色。不是鲜红嫩绿，而是黯淡、憔悴的红和绿。“败红”和“衰翠”是对应上文的“江枫”和“汀蕙”：请注意不是已老和全凋，而是“渐老”和“半凋”；所以还残留一些凄凄惨惨的红和稀稀疏疏的绿，“渐”和“半”意味正老、正凋，还将不断地老下去、凋下去。
“楚客登临，正是幕秋天气。”这是一幅大笔渲染、满画面的深秋枫黄图，秋色极浓。在写足秋色之后，睹此浓浓秋色的抒情主人公出现了，并点明了“暮秋”季节。“楚客”两句，引用宋玉《九辩》悲秋之意，柳永曾宦游于荆襄一带古代楚地，故这里自称为“楚客”；“登临”补出了上文之秋景是他登高所目见，并暗示主题。
“引疏砧，断续残阳里。”写所闻。深秋万物衰败，已让人心生哀愁，何况在这“满目败红衰翠”之中，耳中又闻这断断续续、稀稀朗朗的磁杵之声，在残阳中回荡呢？古代妇女，在秋天到来时，便以磋杵杵捣，制寒衣以送漂泊在外之人。所以在异地漂泊的行人，听闻捣衣声便生旅愁，这里也是暗寓长期漂泊，“伤怀念远”。“暮秋”是秋天将尽，“残阳”则是一日将尽，都是“晚景”。对景难排，因此下文就直接道出“伤怀念远”的主旨。
“对晚景，伤怀念远，新愁旧恨相继。”浓重的秋声秋色深深地触动诗人的离情，接着“对晚景”三字，承上文的所见所闻，启下文的“伤怀念远”，是对主旨的补充，说明这种“伤”和“念”并非偶然触发，而是本来心头有“恨”，才见景生“愁”。“旧恨”难忘，“新愁”又起，故曰“相继”。从写景过渡到抒情、“新愁旧恨相继”，此刻先后涌上心头，这愁恨又是多么的浓重。
下阕抒情，承接上阕直接写出愁恨的缘由。
“脉脉人千里。念两处风情，万重烟水。”“脉脉”，化用《古诗十九首》：“盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语。”其字当作“哌哌”，相视之貌。（“脉”，繁体“作哌”，形近而误。）相视，就是我与她互相对望，也就是她怀念我，我也怀念她，因此接着才会有二、三句。“两处风情”，从“脉脉”来；“万重烟水”，从“千里”来。细针密线，丝丝人扣。“念两处风情”紧扣“脉脉”，“万重烟水”与“千里”呼应，绘出词人与伊人远隔千里，山水重重，两相怀念的情状。一个“念”字，令作者怀人之情顿生层澜。
“雨歇天高，望断翠峰十二。”“雨歇”一句，不但写出登临时天气的实况，而且点出是风吹雨打才使红败翠衰，补暮秋雨后之状，秋雨初停，天高山青，而怀人之情让这雨后晴景引逗得愈加郁厄，将山峰望穿亦难消解。“望断”句既是写实，又是寓意。就写实方面说，是讲雨收云散，天高气朗，极目所见，惟有山岭重叠连绵不断。就寓意方面说，则是讲那位“旦为朝云，暮为行雨”的巫山神女，由于云散雨收，此时也看不见了。“望断翠峰十二”，也是徒然。巫山有十二峰，诗人常在诗中使用李唐神女的传说。词人在这里暗中抒发了对情人的思念，而且暗示了所思之人，乃是天仙般的一流人物。
“尽无言，谁会凭高意？”深进一层。“凭高”之意，无人可会，只能默然无语。以“尽”字至“无言”之上，表达了词人复杂深沉的情感无人能解，也无法自诉，使得作品的情感更显深进。“无言”、“谁会”更是紧扣上阕“脉脉人千里”，表达了词人无人与说的心情。无人与说，只好把书信寄予千里之人，然而“纵写得、离肠万种，奈归云谁寄？”既无人与说又千里难寄，词人的苦闷愈加深重了。
“纵写得，离肠万种，奈归云谁寄？”结尾两句再深进两层。第一层，既然此刻此处无人可诉，无人能会此情此意，那么这“离肠万种”，就只有写之寄于词中。第二层，可是即使写下思念，又如何才能送至她手呢？一种无可奈何之情，在柔情百转中倾吐而出，增强了感染力。“归云”，此处意为无乘归去之云的人托付鸿信。
此词艺术上的特色主要是衬托渲染的手法和宛转往复的情思。词的上片，取正衬的手法，以苦景写悲怀，同时又将凄怨之情灌注到客观的景物中去，以悲写悲，渲染烘托出浓烈的悲苦气氛；下片写出了词人感情上的波澜起伏，采取了总起总收、间以分述的笔法，以使感情的抒发层层逼进，步步加深。
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王昌龄《
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青楼怨》
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李白《
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流夜郎半道承恩放还兼欣克复之美》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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北望长安，悲华夏，又倾梁柱。百年恨、浏阳河水，两番腾怒。
壮士断头除旧制，英雄振臂开新路。问苍天，底事丧斯人，天不语。
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暮春以事诣圆明园趋公既罢因览西郊形胜最后过澄怀园和内直友人春晚退直诗 其六
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清代：
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龚自珍
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此地求沿革，当年本合并。林岚陪禁近，词庙仰勋名。
水榭分还壮，云廊改更清。诸公齐努力，谁得似桐城。
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送汤倅二首
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宋代：
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虞俦
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别乘词锋不费磨，江山得助想经过。
离情柳色长亭暮，愁绪梅腮细雨多。
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山脚散步由舍北归
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宋代：
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陆游
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空碧升团月，江郊弄夕霏。
生涯今始是，年事古犹稀。
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醉落魄
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宋代：
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周紫芝
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柳边池阁。晚来卷地东风恶。人生不解频行乐。昨日花开，今日风吹落。
杨花却似人飘泊。春云更似人情薄。如今始信从前错。