蝶恋花·急景流年真一箭
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清代]：王国维
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急景流年真一箭。残雪声中，省识东风面。风里垂杨千万线，昨宵染就鹅黄浅。
又是廉纤春雨暗。倚遍危楼，高处人难见。已恨平芜随雁远，暝烟更界平芜断。
蝶恋花·急景流年真一箭译文及注释
译文
时光过的真快，这一年就像箭射过去一样，即将过去。在冬日的雪带着水滴落声中，仿佛看见了春天正在走来。在春风中杨柳枝条不停舞动，仿佛一夜间柳枝就长满了嫩芽。
又是一个细雨的黄昏，登上高楼也看不见远处的人啊。可恨的原野一望无垠，只有那远方的大雁还在北往。傍晚的炊烟又起，隔断了远眺家人的视线，又是一天即将过去。
注释
①蝶恋花：词牌名，出自唐教坊曲，本采用于梁简文帝：“翻阶蛱蝶恋花情”为名，分上下两阕，共六十个字。
②急景流年，形容光阴速逝。晏殊《蝶恋花》词：“急景流年都一瞬。往事前欢，未免萦方寸。”
③残雪：尚未化尽的雪。
④省识：犹认识。
⑤垂杨：垂柳。
⑥染就：染成。鹅黄：淡黄。
⑦廉纤：细小，形容微雨。
⑧危楼：高楼。
⑨平芜(wú)：草木丛生的平旷原野。
⑩暝烟：傍晚的烟霭。界断：隔开。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹.王国维词新释辑评[M].北京:中国书店出版社:2006:190
2、王传胪.王国维与人间词[J].四川:四川大学学报,2002:37(7).
蝶恋花·急景流年真一箭创作背景
这首词作于1905年，当时王国维在外地教书，冬去春来，让他想起了自己远在南方的家人，于是以思妇的口吻写下了这首春怨词。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹.王国维词新释辑评[M].北京:中国书店出版社:2006:190.
蝶恋花·急景流年真一箭鉴赏
这实际上是一首思妇之词，但在景色描写之中，流露出一种对高远开阔之境的向往以及这种向往被现实遮断的悲哀。
“急景流年真一箭”是套用晏殊的“急景流年都一瞬”，只不过晏殊那首词透着一种旷达，而王国维这首词透着一种执着。此处的“残雪声中”可以是积雪融化之声，但也可以想像成夹杂着小雨的雪落下的声音。“省识东风面”是套用杜甫的“画图省识春风面”。杜甫指的是美人的容颜，而这里指的是春天的容颜。“风里垂杨千万线”写东风使杨柳垂枝变得柔软婀娜。“昨宵染就鹅黄浅”，写一夜柳枝就出现了黄色的新芽。这种季节交替是自然规律，可是春天对楼中思妇来说，意味更加深远。
“又是廉纤春雨暗，倚遍危楼，高处人难见”，冬天是门窗闭锁，春天虽然可以把门窗打开，但春天又有春雨的阻隔。朦胧的春雨把眼前一切都遮蔽了，纵然打开门窗，纵然登上高楼，还是无法纵目远望。“倚遍危楼，高处人难见”的“人”，既泛指视线中所能看见的人，又暗指思妇心中所思念的人。“又是”说明不止一年如此，而“危楼”和“高处”则突出了寂寞和孤独。
“已恨年华留不住，暝烟更界平芜断”是王国维惯用的句式。那遥远的地方总存着思妇的希望，可是现在天已黄昏，傍晚的烟霭已经知起，渐渐遮住了思妇的视线，远处的原野也逐渐看不清了。
王国维长年在外执教，所以他的闺怨词也不少，这首词一别前人之闺怨诗词，写得哀而不怨，算得上要王国维的代表之作了。
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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