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《幼女词》原文及意思全解_施肩吾作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
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幼女词

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唐代
]:施肩吾


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幼女才六岁,未知巧与拙。

向夜在堂前,学人拜新月。

儿童 

幼女词鉴赏

  施肩吾有个天真可爱的小女儿,在诗中不止一次提到,如:“姊妹无多兄弟少,举家钟爱年最小。有时绕树山雀飞,贪看不待画眉了。”(《效古词》)而这首《幼女词》更是含蓄兼风趣的妙品。

  诗一开始就着力写幼女之“幼”,先就年龄说,“才六岁”,说“才”不说“已”,意谓还小着呢。再就智力说,尚“未知巧与拙”。这话除表明“幼”外,更有多重意味。表面是说她分不清什么是“巧”、什么是“拙”这类较为抽象的概念;其实,也意味着因幼稚不免常常弄“巧”成“拙”,比方说,会干出“浓朱衍丹唇,黄吻烂漫赤”(左思),“移时施朱铅,狼藉画眉阔”(杜甫)一类令人哭笑不得的事。此外,这里提“巧拙”实偏义于“巧”,暗关末句“拜新月”事。读者一当把二者联系起来,就意会这是在七夕,如同目睹如此动人的“乞巧”场面:“七夕今宵看碧霄,牵牛织女渡河桥。家家乞巧望秋月,穿尽红丝几万条。”(林杰《乞巧》)诗中并没有对人物往事及活动场景作任何叙写,由于巧下一字,就令人想象无穷,收到含蓄之效。

  前两句刻划女孩的幼稚之后,末二句就集中于一件情事。时间是七夕,因前面已由“巧”字作了暗示,三句只简作一“夜”字。地点是“堂前”,这是能见“新月”的地方。小女孩干什么呢?她既未和别的孩子一样去寻找萤火,也不向大人索瓜果,却郑重其事地在堂前学着大人“拜新月”呢。读到这里,令人忍俊不禁。“开帘见新月,即便下阶拜”的少女拜月,意在乞巧,而这位“才六岁”的乳臭未干的小女孩拜月,是“不知巧”而乞之,“与‘细语人不闻’(李端《拜新月》)情事各别”(沈德潜语)啊。尽管作者叙述的语气客观,但“学人”二字传达的语义却是揶揄的。小女孩拜月,形式是成年的,内容却是幼稚的,这形成一个冲突,幽默滑稽之感即由此产生。小女孩越是弄“巧”学人,便越发不能藏“拙”。这个“小大人”的形象既逗人而有趣,又纯真而可爱。

  这类以歌颂童真为主题的作品,可以追溯到晋左思《娇女诗》,那首五古用铺张的笔墨描写了两个小女孩种种天真情事,颇能穷形尽态。而五绝容不得铺叙。如果把左诗比作画中工笔,则此诗就是画中写意,它删繁就简,削多成一,集中笔墨,只就一件情事写来,以概见幼女的全部天真,甚而勾画出了一幅笔致幽默、妙趣横生的风俗小品画,显示出作者白描手段的高超。


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崔道融《
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牧竖》


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韦庄《
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与小女》

施肩吾简介

唐代·施肩吾的简介


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施肩吾(780-861),唐宪宗元和十五年(公元820年)进士,唐睦州分水县桐岘乡(贤德乡)人,字希圣,号东斋,入道后称栖真子。施肩吾是杭州地区第一位状元(杭州孔子文化纪念馆语),他集诗人、道学家、台湾第一个民间开拓者于一身的历史人物。

...〔 ► 施肩吾的诗(201篇)

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