水仙子·游越福王府
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元代]：乔吉
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笙歌梦断蒺藜沙，罗绮香馀野菜花。乱云老树夕阳下，燕休寻王谢家，恨兴亡怒煞些鸣蛙。铺锦池埋荒甃，流杯亭堆破瓦，何处也繁华？
水仙子·游越福王府译文及注释
译文
那动人的笙歌，在布满蒺藜的沙砾上已成为打断了的梦；那罗绮还有馀香，眼前却只有野菜花了。天上飘飞着杂乱的云彩，古树边，夕阳西下。燕子啊，你别再找王、谢的家了。我感叹着千古兴亡，却只听得青蛙们鼓着肚子哇哇叫。铺锦池已被荒草埋没，流杯亭只剩一堆破瓦，昔日的繁华，如今到哪里去了呢？
注释
双调：宫调名，十二宫调之一。水仙子：曲牌名，入“双调”，亦入“中吕”“南吕”。福王府：南宋福王赵与芮的府第，在绍兴府山阴县。
蒺（jí）藜（lí）：一种平铺着生在地上的蔓生植物，果皮有刺。
罗绮：丝织品，此指丝绸衣服。
王谢家：指东晋时王导、谢安为代表的高门望族。后用以指富贵豪门。
铺锦池：指铺满锦锈的池苑，福王府内的游赏处所。荒甃（zhòu）：断井颓垣。甃，井、池之壁。
流杯亭：福王府内的游赏处所。
参考资料：
1、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：177
2、曾永义．黑暗时代的自由颂——元人散曲．北京：线装书局，2012：254-255
3、王星琦．元曲三百首注评．南京：凤凰出版社，2015：78
水仙子·游越福王府创作背景
德祐二年（1276）元宰相伯颜占领临安，赵与芮降封平原郡公，成了没落的贵族。他的王府破败过程虽不见记载，但据绍兴宋六陵在元初的遭遇便可推想。至乔吉游览时又隔数十年，王府已成为一片荆棘瓦砾。因此作者生出无限感慨，作此小令以感叹兴亡盛衰之无常。
参考资料：
1、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：697-698
2、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：177
水仙子·游越福王府鉴赏
这首小令是怀古之作，写绍兴福王府遗址的衰败，充满繁华消歇，不胜今昔之感。其表现方法是借景抒情。但曲中并无对景物的精致刻画，也不脱离景物直抒胸臆，而是情随景生，情景紧密结合，句句写景都将作者的联想、幻觉、想象、思考熔铸其中。
全曲运用了三组镜头的特写。第一组特写是起首两句，为府邸的总体印象。一目了然的是遍地沙砾，蒺藜丛生，间杂着开花的野菜。据景实录，光写下“蒺藜沙，野菜花”也无甚不可，但作者显然想得更多更远。他耳边仿佛回荡着当年王府寻欢作乐、宴乐升平的歌吹声，眼前闪现着王公和宫女遍身罗绮、珠光宝气的身影。作者将追想与现实叠合在一起，以“梦断”“香馀”作为两者的维系。“梦”是不用说了，盛衰一瞬，繁华成空，确实就像梦境那样无凭。“香”呢，野菜花倒是有那么一点，将这点微香作为“罗绮”的馀泽，看来就是府中人化为黄土后留给后世的唯一贡献。这一组特写用句内对比的手法，繁华豪奢的昔景使残败荒芜的现状显得更为触目惊心。
第二组特写是中间三句，铺叙了王府园内乱云、老树、夕阳、燕、蛙等现存的景物。这些景物本身是中性的，并非福王府所特有，然而作者在述及时一一加上了强烈的感情色彩。主观色彩的注入，一是通过刻意的组合，让景物所具有的苍凉共性在互相映衬中得以凸现，如“乱云老树夕阳下”之句。而更主要的是通过化用典故来实现，这就是关于燕子和青蛙的第四、五两句。“燕”与“王谢家”的关系，经过刘禹锡《乌衣巷》诗句的渲染，已是妇孺皆知。这里劝“燕休寻”，将园内燕子的忙碌穿梭故意说成是有意识的怀旧，悲剧气氛就更为浓烈。“怒煞些鸣蛙”则化用《韩非子》所载“怒蛙”的典故：越王勾践出行望见怒蛙当道，不禁从车上起立，扶着车前的横木向它们致敬，因为“蛙有气如此，可无为式（榜样）乎”！在作者看来，如今青蛙气鼓鼓地怒鸣，是为了“恨兴亡”的缘故。这一组特写，正是借景抒情。
第三组特写为六、七两句，着笔于福王府建筑物的遗迹。作品选取“铺锦池”“流杯亭”为代表。此两处当为王府旧日的游赏胜所，但其名也有渊源。据《开成录》：“（唐）文宗论德宗奢靡云：闻得禁中老宫人，每引泉先于池底铺锦，王建《宫词》曰‘鱼藻宫中锁翠娥，先皇行处不曾过。只今池底休铺锦，菱角鸡头积渐多’是也。”据欧阳修《跋流杯亭侍宴诗》，唐武则天曾在汝州温泉别宫建流杯亭。亭以“流杯”命名，显然是王府内“曲水流觞”的作乐需要。如今池里是“荒甃”，亭上是“破瓦”，可见昔日富丽堂皇的府第与园苑，到此时只剩了一堆废墟。这一组特写，更带有“当地风光”的性征。
作者将“游越福王府”的所见不厌其详地分成三组表现，可以解释为他惆怅、伤感、愤懑的步步深化。这一切印象的叠加与感情的郁积，便结出了末句的呐喊：“何处也繁华？”这一句既似发问也似回答，盛衰无常、荒淫失国的感慨俱在其中。
这首小令涉及历史主题，曲调沉郁顿挫，与乔吉其他作品清丽婉美的特点有很大差异。这也体现了乔吉对历史兴替的无限慨叹。
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赠丹阳横山周处士惟长》
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王守仁《
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元夕二首》
乔吉简介
唐代·乔吉的简介
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乔吉(1280?～1345) 元代杂剧家、散曲作家。一称乔吉甫，字梦符，号笙鹤翁，又号惺惺道人。太原人，流寓杭州。钟嗣成在《录鬼簿》中说他“美姿容，善词章，以威严自饬，人敬畏之”，又作吊词云：“平生湖海少知音，几曲宫商大用心。百年光景还争甚？空赢得，雪鬓侵，跨仙禽，路绕云深。”从中大略可见他的为人。剧作存目十一，有《杜牧之诗酒扬州梦》、《李太白匹配金钱记》、《玉箫女两世姻缘》三种传世。
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王泽
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缺月耿初夕，荒寒野店开。松声一枕落，茅屋万山堆。
愁岂扫能去，春还迟不来。思亲今夜梦，已近半程回。
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咏蜀都城上芙蓉花
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唐代：
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张立
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四十里城花发时，锦囊高下照坤维。
虽妆蜀国三秋色，难入豳风七月诗。