迎新春·嶰管变青律
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宋代]:柳永
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嶰管变青律,帝里阳和新布。晴景回轻煦。庆嘉节、当三五。列华灯、千门万户。遍九陌罗绮,香风微度。十里然绛树。鳌山耸,喧天萧鼓。
渐天如水,素月当午。香径里、绝缨掷果无数。更阑烛影花阴下,少年人、往往奇遇。太平时、朝野多欢,民康阜、随分良聚。堪对此景,争忍独醒归去。
迎新春·嶰管变青律译文及注释
译文
汴京城内都是还度佳节的人群,绮罗丛中煽起阵阵香风。十里花灯如珊瑚般美丽。装饰有彩灯的假山耸立着,各种乐器声音震天响。
渐渐地天水一色,月亮正当中天。街道里,少男少女狂欢忘形。到了夜深的时候,少男少女往往在竹阴花影下谈情说爱。天下太平的时候,朝廷和民间都欢快,百姓生活安乐富足。随处都可以举行美好的聚会。可是对着这种美景,怎么忍心独自离去呢?
注释
⑴迎新春:词牌名,柳永《乐章集》注“大石调”,双调一百四字,前段八句七仄韵,后段十一句六仄韵。
⑵嶰(xiè)管:以嶰谷所生之竹而做的律本,大概相当于现在的定声器。《汉书·律历志》:“黄帝使泠伦自大夏之西,昆仑之阴,取竹之嶰谷,生其窍厚均者,断两节间而吹之,以为黄钟之宫。制十二筩,以听凤之鸣,其雄鸣为六,雌鸣亦六,此黄钟之宫,而皆可以生之。是为律本。”
⑶青律:青帝所司之律,在我国古代神话中青帝为司春之神,青律也就是冬去春来的意思。
⑷帝里:指汴京。
⑸阳和:暖和的阳光。
⑹轻煦:微暖。
⑺嘉节:指元宵节。
⑻三五:正月十五。
⑼九陌:汉代长安街有八街、九陌。后来泛指都城大路。
⑽罗绮:本为丝织品,这里指男女人群。
⑾然:通“燃”,点燃。
⑿绛树:神话传说中仙宫树名。《淮南子·墬形训》:“﹝昆仑山﹞上有木禾,其修五寻,珠树、玉树、璇树、不死树在其西,沙棠、琅玕在其东,绛树在其南,碧树、瑶树在其北。”这里指经人工装饰的树。
⒀鳌山:宋代元宵节,人们将彩灯堆叠成的山,像传说中的巨鳌形状,亦作“鰲山”。
⒁素月:洁白的月亮。
⒂绝缨掷果:绝缨,扯断结冠的带。据 《韩诗外传》卷七载: “楚庄王宴群臣,日暮酒酣,灯烛灭。有人引美人之衣。美人援绝其冠缨,以告王,命上火,欲得绝缨之人。王不从,令群臣尽绝缨而上火,尽欢而罢。后三年, 晋与楚战,有楚将奋死赴敌,卒胜晋军。王问之,始知即前之绝缨者。”掷果,《晋书·潘岳传》:“岳美姿仪,辞藻绝丽,尤善为哀诔之文。少时常挟弹出洛阳道,妇人遇之者,皆连手萦绕,投之以果,遂满车而归。时张载甚丑,每行,小儿以瓦石掷之,委顿而反。岳从子尼。”
⒃更阑(lán):夜深。
⒄康阜(fù):安乐富足。
⒅随分:随便。
⒆堪:可是。
⒇争忍:怎么忍心。
参考资料:
1、薛瑞生.古典诗词名家·柳永词选.北京市:中华书局,2005年1月第一版:7-9
2、姚学贤、龙建国.柳永词祥注及集评.郑州市:中州古籍出版社,1991年2月第1版:23-24
3、叶嘉莹 等.柳永词新释辑评.北京市:中华书局,2005年1月第1版:52-55。
迎新春·嶰管变青律创作背景
此词具体创作年代暂不可考。因词中写的是汴京元宵的盛况,而柳永出仕后在汴京为官时间很短,所作词也大多是官场所见,故此词应该是柳永早年在汴京求取功名时创作的。
参考资料:
1、薛瑞生.古典诗词名家·柳永词选.北京市:中华书局,2005年1月第一版:7-9
迎新春·嶰管变青律鉴赏
这首词,写都城开封元宵节盛况。开头以节令之变换,点出帝京新春和暖。接着写天气晴朗更使气候宜人.“庆嘉节、当三五”,实写具体的佳节之欢。十五元宵,实际上是灯节,“列华灯”三句,铺写家家张灯结彩,而赏灯人之众之多,却是暗写,以“罗绮”“香风”代替男女人群。“九陌”“十里”说明其广。“十里”三句,再写灯张挂在高高低低,错落有致,“萧鼓”在热闹场中吹打着。美丽的花灯配合着音乐演奏。上片大部分是写元宵的气候、灯景、乐器,而人只是在这环境中以衣锦飘香、若隐若现地浮动着,虚中有实,似少实多,以某些特征而代表全人,而人又是“遍九陌”之多的。
下片以“天”接“天”,从“喧天箫鼓”过渡到“渐天如水”,一个“渐”字,拉开了时间的线索。时候不早了,“天如水”,天清而静。“素月当午”,月照正中。人自赏灯来,又转入各自寻觅所欢。“绝缨掷果无数”,用了两个典故,这里说此二艳遇故事,但已非一人之艳遇,而是“无数”之多。“更阑”二句,写景极美,写事动人。“烛影花阴”,明明暗暗,朦朦胧胧,“少年人、往往奇遇”,有多少风流韵事,然而乐而不淫,就此煞住。“太平”二句,推广开来,写当时承平气象。词的最后,对景“争忍独醒归去”,是乐而忘返了。
这首词,以铺叙见长,气象渲染,浓淡适宜。写景则时疏时密,用典则结合时宜。人物都是在良辰美景中出现而又活跃着的,呈现出太平景象,结合起来含有欢乐常保的意义。
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李涉《
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牧童词》
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白居易《
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池上》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永,(约987年—约1053年)北宋著名词人,婉约派代表人物。汉族,崇安(今福建武夷山)人,原名三变,字景庄,后改名永,字耆卿,排行第七,又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士,官至屯田员外郎,故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”,以毕生精力作词,并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活,尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情,创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画,情景交融,语言通俗,音律谐婉,在当时流传极其广泛,人称“凡有井水饮处,皆能歌柳词”,婉约派最具代表性的人物之一,对宋词的发展有重大影响,代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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邹浩
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芜城兆霜雪,颍川凋芰荷。昔别情已矣,今别情奈何。
英英二三子,行亦车悬■。后日知谁同,蝉声犹暮多。
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夏日御园閒咏 其三
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弘历
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风槐烟柳绿成帷,影度纱棂午日迟。暂向几馀閒学草,偶因吟罢亦敲棋。
曲池新涨分鱼子,碧宇高空放鹤儿。最爱子西传好句,依稀山静小年时。