谒金门·示知命弟
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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山又水，行尽吴头楚尾。兄弟灯前家万里，相看如梦寐。
君似成蹊桃李，入我草堂松桂。莫厌岁寒无气味，余生今已矣。
谒金门·示知命弟译文及注释
译文
越过一座座山，穿过一条条河，走遍这古代吴国和楚国交界的地方，兄弟俩默默地对坐在灯前，想到万里之远的家乡，互相对望着犹如在梦中一样。
你本来才华出众，名实相符，犹如桃李芬芳吸引众人来观赏，而今却服随我忍受寂寞与荒凉。不要怕寒冬来临，没有了芳香，我的生命历程已快走完，即将自由解放。
注释
谒金门：词牌名，双调四十五字，上下片各四仄韵。
知命：名叔达，知命为其字，黄庭坚弟。
山又水：万水千山，指路程艰远。
吴头楚尾：指如今的江西省北部，因为其地在春秋时为吴、楚两国交界处，故称“吴头楚尾”。
梦寐：用杜甫《羌村》诗意：“夜阑更秉烛，相对如梦寐。”杜诗本指夫妻团聚，此借指兄弟团聚。
成蹊桃李：谓实至名归，无须凭借官职地位而得到人们的尊重。
草堂松桂：代指隐居。用孔稚珪《北山移文》“中山之英，草堂之灵”及“诱我松桂，欺我云壑”之字面，借指自己所居之地环境荒寂。
岁寒：一年的严寒时节。无气味：大乘佛教。
参考资料：
1、吴熊和．唐宋词精华 上：太白文艺出版社，2001：603
2、马奇中．唐诗·宋词·元曲三百首：四川大学出版社，2000：478
3、刘尊明．新编千家词三百首：江苏古籍出版社，1995：234-235
4、蒋方 编选．黄庭坚集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：232-234
谒金门·示知命弟创作背景
这首词作于宋哲宗绍圣三年（1096），当时的黄庭坚身在贬所黔州（治今四川彭水）。一说此诗作于宋哲宗元符二年（1099），当时黄庭坚在戎州（治今四川宜宾）。
参考资料：
1、吴熊和．唐宋词汇评（两宋卷）一：浙江教育出版社，2004：610-611
2、唐圭璋．唐宋词鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1988：783-784
3、丁敏翔．宋词鉴赏大全集：中国华侨出版社，2010：85
谒金门·示知命弟鉴赏
全词以兄弟相见为脉络，充满对知命的赞扬，同时也感伤叹喟，表现了兄弟情深。
上片叙述知命不远万里前来贬所看望词人，兄弟秉烛相对，恍若梦寐，流露出抑制不住的惊喜之情。“山又水，行尽吴头楚尾。”这两句是说，你携着我的妻儿一路跋山涉水，穿越那古代吴、楚两国的边界，千里迢迢来看我，真是不容易啊。开首两句极言路途之坎坷遥远，对弟弟不因自己遭贬而稍移兄弟之情，不远万里前来看望自己流露出深深的感激之情。“吴头楚尾”的说法含蓄别致，足见词人在遣词造句上的讲究。“兄弟灯前家万里，相看如梦寐。”兄弟二人别后在离家万里的黔州重逢，且在作者遭贬之际，当两人秉烛相对时，真像在梦中一样。此情此景，真不是是两人所曾预料到的。这两句流露出词人对兄弟重逢的惊喜之情。“他乡遇故知”本是人生一大喜事，更不必说是手足情深了。而且此时的词人无故遭贬，思想极度苦闷孤独，所以当看到兄弟妻儿出现在自己眼前时，竟有些不敢相信自己的眼睛。
下片触景生情，向兄弟敞开心扉，对未来的生活表现出悲观失望的情绪。“君似成蹊桃李，入我草堂松桂。”成蹊桃李，这里借用来称赞其弟黄叔达。两句是说：如今的你品行高洁、才华出众，如同那虽不夸耀自己却艳丽芬芳的桃李一样，备受时人赏识和推重；哪像我，仿佛那幽居深山草堂的松桂。词人以“松桂”自喻，表现了其遭远谪的处境，而且因“松”为“岁寒三友”之一，“桂”花虽不艳，其香却馥郁，它们都有君子才美不外现之品，以之喻己，于萧瑟中亦含少许自许和不平。“莫厌岁寒无气味，余生今已矣。”如今的两人，处境和精神面貌都迥然不同，一个春风得意，一个心如槁灰；一个如阳春的桃李，一个如寒冬的松桂。作者希望弟弟不要嫌自己心灰意懒，情绪低落，因为他对将来的前途已不抱什么希望了。词人在莫名其妙地以“诬毁”先朝之罪被贬谪黔州后，自言“身如槁木，心如死灰”，号其所居为“槁木寮”、“死灰庵”，可见其心境之消沉落寞。如今面对自己的亲兄弟，满腹悲愤和辛酸涌上了心头，故能敞开心扉，流露出深深的悲观情绪。
这首词语短情深，生动地展现了两位患难与共的同胞兄弟的深挚情意，其中蕴涵着深深的人生沧桑之感，读来颇能引发共鸣。作者运用其作诗的遒劲笔法，放笔直抒天伦情谊，质朴浑厚，为宋词中之少见。
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刘希夷《
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公子行》
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王安石《
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示长安君》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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皇甫汸
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西风吹雪满柴闾，坐对寒云意泊如。自笑曾为穿履客，长安愁说待公车。