南乡子·捣衣
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清代]：纳兰性德
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鸳瓦已新霜，欲寄寒衣转自伤。见说征夫容易瘦，端相。梦里回时仔细量。
支枕怯空房，且拭清砧就月光。已是深秋兼独夜，凄凉。月到西南更断肠。
南乡子·捣衣译文及注释
译文
屋外的瓦当上已结了一层薄薄的清霜，屋内孤灯下，我对着准备为他寄去的寒衣暗自心伤。都说戍边在外的人受尽苦寒，相貌容易消瘦，真想再好好地看他一眼啊，细细打量。如果今夜梦中可以相遇，一定一定要紧紧握住执手相望。
孤单单衾寒，孤单单的空房，不如趁着月光再来到河边浣洗一遍他的衣裳。深秋寒意重，孤单独夜长，月下捣衣，声声清砧，敲打着思念与凄凉。蓦然回首，发现月已挂上西南方向，想着天下多少有情人早已相拥而眠，不由得更加让我欲断肝肠！
注释
南乡子：唐教坊曲名，后用作词牌。又名《好离乡》、《蕉叶怨》。原为单调，有二十七字、二十八字、三十字各体，平仄换韵。
捣衣：古人洗衣时以木杵在砧上捶衣，使之干净，故称。明杨慎《丹铅总录·捣衣》：“古人捣衣，两女子对立执一杵，如春米然。尝见六朝人画捣衣，其制如此。”
鸳瓦：即鸳鸯瓦。
支枕怯空房：谓空房独处，将枕头竖起、倚靠，不免生怯。
清砧（zhēn）：即捶衣石，杜甫《溟》：“半扇开烛影，欲掩见清砧。”
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；墨香斋译评．纳兰词 双色插图版：中国纺织出版社，2015.10：第153页
南乡子·捣衣创作背景
该词虽亦用传统题目，但却有其特定的情境与良苦之用心。那就是要借此以表达对挚友吴兆骞的思念和感情，吴兆骞与作者文坛齐名。私交甚厚，不料却因江南乡试作弊案牵连，为仇人诬陷，被遣戍宁古塔（今黑龙江宁安县）。手足知己，遭此大难，诗人自是牵挂于怀，忧绪百端。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；聂菁菁主编．纳兰词全编全赏：中国华侨出版社，2013.11：第247页
南乡子·捣衣鉴赏
该词以怨妇的口吻，描写主人公的“自伤”、“怯空房”、“凄凉”，以至“断肠”的怨恨之情。全词层层写来，情致幽婉凄绝。古时捣衣，多在秋夜进行，试想一下，在一个寒冷的夜晚，四下悄无声息，只能听见萧瑟的砧杵声一下一下地响起，这是何等凄凉的意境。因此，在古典诗词中，捣衣往往用来表现征人离妇、远别故乡的惆怅情绪，而在这首词中，纳兰正是借捣衣这一动作，抒发了征夫怨妇的相思情怀。
词的上片，集中描绘思妇捣衣之苦情。整个上片，全以“秋声”来渲染烘托思妇心中之哀苦。“鸳瓦已新霜，欲寄寒衣转自伤”，词一开篇，作者就交代了时令，天气逐渐变凉，鸳鸯瓦上已经落满了秋霜，此时的思妇想要为远方的征人寄去寒衣，却又突然开始暗自伤怀。一个“转”字，说明妇人先前的心情并非“自伤”，但是一想到这砧板上的衣服是为远行在外的征人而捣，自然睹物思人，心中已是思念不已。“见说征夫容易瘦，端相，梦里回时仔细量”，在这里，纳兰想象着思妇怀念征夫时所流露出的纤细感情：都说出门在外的人容易消瘦，不知道是否是真的，下次在梦里相见的时候一定要好好端详端详你。在纳兰所写的词作中，他不仅用种种的具体事物来表达抽象的恋情，更多的时候是通过这种虚幻的梦境来表达挥之不去的思念。你听，有受惊鸿雁的凄凉哀鸣，有满阶落叶沙沙的飘响，有夜半二更的更鼓声响，有萧瑟生寒的西风呼啸。这一切在静夜传响，声声真切，真是纵有“西风吹不断”。如此环境氛围，思妇倍加凄苦孤单、倍加凄切伤心，更有甚者，在这凄苦的秋声中，还要加上自己不停的捣衣声。一声声饱含着自己的凄苦辛酸，一声声寄寓着对丈夫的思念和关切，正所谓“中有深闺万里情”。
下片形象地描绘两地相思的情境。因为思妇独守空房，既倍感寂寞，也不免会心生胆怯，无奈之下，思妇只好通过在月光下擦拭捣衣之石来消磨时光。而此时“已是深秋兼独夜”，深秋独夜里，寒月、寒砧，伴随着一颗孤独寂寞的心，词到此处，我们似乎已经看到一个让人怜惜、同情的思妇形象跃然纸上。尾句“月到西南更断肠”，进一步描写思妇内心中的相思愁苦。夜已经深了，又要与寂寞孤独相伴，连月亮都要落下了，怎能不叫我伤心断肠。纳兰的这首思妇词写出了满纸的凄苦，可谓是一首“断肠“之作。“片石”两句承上，先写捣衣之后，夜深、石冷、霜凝之状，可见思妇是长久地沉浸在对丈夫的深切思念之中，如痴如果。“今夜”以下，是转写征夫归梦，今夜远戍边关之人定会在乡思的归梦中，分明看到妻子频呵着纤纤双手带月前迎国。当然，也可解作梦见丈夫归来，自己呵手出迎。两地相思一样情，这种梦幻中的相会是夫妇双方的期盼，是他们遥相思念的心灵感应。
全词平实如话，但却深情情韵。细细读来，如闻酸楚凄凉的捣衣之声。如见梦中相会的具体情景，也可体味出作者对远遣之友的深切同情。令人读罢不禁叹息欺欷，一掬同情之泪。
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李白《
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笑歌行》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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凤凰台上望乡关，地老天荒故将閒。自写鄂王词在壁，从头整顿旧河山。
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送大宗伯两洲王公考绩二首 其二
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明代：
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杨继盛
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风送老莺啼禁树，春随红旆过江干。文昌夜度三台近，玉剑晴浮五月寒。
一代云龙虚鼎席，百年礼乐属春官。相逢若问留台客，为道归思鬓已残。