代东武吟
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南北朝]：鲍照
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主人且勿喧，贱子歌一言。
仆本寒乡士，出身蒙汉恩。
始随张校尉，召募到河源。
后逐李轻车，追虏出塞垣。
密途亘万里，宁岁犹七奔。
肌力尽鞍甲，心思历凉温。
将军既下世，部曲亦罕存。
时事一朝异，孤绩谁复论。
少壮辞家去，穷老还入门。
腰镰刈葵藿，倚杖牧鸡豚。
昔如鞲上鹰，今似槛中猿。
徒结千载恨，空负百年怨。
弃席思君幄，疲马恋君轩。
愿垂晋主惠，不愧田子魂。
代东武吟译文及注释
译文
大人啊，请不要这么大声的喝斥我呀，小人有话要说。
我虽出身贫寒，但却被官家征入行伍。
先参加的是张骞将军的队伍，在黄河源头一带征战。
后来又追随李蔡轻车将军，把敌人赶出我们的边塞。
最近的路，我们也走了万里；最安静的年头，也多次奔命。
我们所有的力量都放在了鞍甲上面；我们所有的才思都历尽了严寒酷暑。
但是随着主将的去世，那些旧部即便侥幸没有战死也都如我一样无功而散。
朝廷上的时事，可谓风云变幻；我们的论功行赏还有谁来关注。
年轻力壮的时候离开家乡为国征战，年老体衰、穷困潦倒时才返回家乡，无依无靠。
只能拿着腰镰收割些野菜，；扶着拐杖，放养几只小鸡小猪，勉强填塞饥肠糊口。
想当初我年富力强如鞲上鹰，看现在佝偻虚弱似槛中猿。
我自问平生于国于家无愧，却堪叹落得如此境地。
弃席思念晋文公的珍惜；疲马留恋田子方的收留。
那么也希望大人您像晋文公和田子方一样，君王不忘旧臣，垂怜垂怜小人。
注释
《东武吟》，本为齐地歌曲名。东武，古地名，在今山东诸城市一带。该诗写一老兵自述征战塞外的艰苦经历和回乡后有功不获赏的悲怨心情。语言劲峭，音调响亮。
贱子：老兵的谦称。
寒：贫寒。汉：汉朝。
张校尉：西汉张骞，曾以校尉之职随卫青击匈奴。《汉书》有传。河源：黄河源头，代指西北极边远的地方。
李轻车：李蔡。汉飞将军李广从弟，曾为轻车将军，击匈奴右贤王有功。塞垣（yuán元）：泛指边塞地区。
密：近。亘：绵延。宁岁：安宁的年岁。七奔：指多次为征战奔命。
凉温：犹言冷暖。⑧下世：去世。部曲：《汉书·李广传》颜师古注引《续汉书·百官志》云：“将军领军，皆有部曲。大将军营五部，部校尉一人。部下有曲，曲有军候一人。”罕：稀少。
孤绩：个人独有的功绩。
刈（yì）：割。葵、藿（huò）：野菜名。豚（tún）：猪。
鞲（gōu）：革制袖套。槛（jiàn鉴）：圈兽类的栅栏。
徒：空。结：生成。负：背负。
“弃席”句：用晋文公事。据《韩非子·外储说左上》载，晋文公重耳流亡二十年，在终于可以返国为君时，要抛弃流亡时用过的笾豆、席蓐，怠慢患难与共的有功随从。大臣咎犯劝谏，文公方止。幄（wò）：帐幕。“疲马”句：用田子方事。据《韩诗外传》卷八载，战国时魏人田子方见老马被弃于路，“曰：‘少尽其力而老弃其身，仁者不为也。’束帛而赎之”。轩，车驾。
“愿垂”二句：希望君王不忘旧臣。晋主，指晋文公。田子魂，田子方的魂灵。一说“魂”通“云”，指田子方讲的话。
代东武吟鉴赏
“东武”，泰山下小山名，在今山东省泰安县。“东武吟”和“泰山吟”、“梁甫吟”同类，是齐地的土风。该篇假托汉朝老军人的自白，来讽谏当时的君主。
诗歌的前半部写老军人对当年战斗生涯的回忆，他南征北战，在戎马倥惚中度过了不平凡的一生。后半部表达他老年遭弃置的愤懑和悲伤：“时事一朝异，孤绩谁复论？”这位当年立马横刀的老英雄，如今不得不“腰镰刈葵藿，倚杖牧鸡屯”。他喟然长叹：这两个截然不同的形象对比，把主人公心灵深处的痛苦展示出来。
这首诗还表现了老军人即使身处逆境，仍思报国的精神。在诗的结尾，他以“弃席”、“疲马”自比，向君主表白心迹，希望老有所用，辞恳情切，令人感动。显然，这位心怀报国之念的老军人形象中也有着怀才不遇的诗人自我。
这首诗意蕴深厚，时空跨度很大。诗歌的感情随着主人公的命运变化，先是慷慨奔放，后是激愤悲怆，显得跌宕起伏，扣人心弦。
整首诗都是假托一个汉代有军功的人的口吻，叙述自己一生奋战的经历，和老年被弃回家的不平，并表达了他对君主的眷恋，希望君主赐恩，不弃置有功之人。宋文帝在位期间，讨伐北魏曾多次失败，对其将领檀道济等也有牵制和排挤的做法，所以这首诗可能是为讽谅当时的君主而作。这首诗的思想内容和写法，对于杜甫《出塞》诗的创作有很大的影响。
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乐府诗集《
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陌上桑》
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晏几道《
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玉楼春·琼酥酒面风吹醒》
鲍照简介
唐代·鲍照的简介
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鲍照（约415年～466年）南朝宋文学家，与颜延之、谢灵运合称“元嘉三大家”。字明远，汉族，祖籍东海（治所在今山东郯城西南，辖区包括今江苏涟水，久居建康（今南京）。家世贫贱，临海王刘子顼镇荆州时，任前军参军。刘子顼作乱，照为乱兵所杀。他长于乐府诗，其七言诗对唐代诗歌的发展起了很重要的作用。有《鲍参军集》。
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刘基
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天堑长江似海深，江头山鬼笑埋金。
东家酿酒西家醉，世上英雄各有心。