醉中天·佳人脸上黑痣
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元代]：白朴
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疑是杨妃在，怎脱马嵬灾？曾与明皇捧砚来，美脸风流杀。叵奈挥毫李白，觑着娇态，洒松烟点破桃腮。
醉中天·佳人脸上黑痣译文及注释
译文
莫不是杨贵妃还在世，她是怎样逃脱了马嵬坡的灾难呢？曾经为唐明皇捧着砚台走过来，美丽的面庞风流无比。可恨挥毫的李白，眼看着娇态走了神，竟笔头一歪，把墨点在了桃花般艳丽的脸颊上。
注释
仙吕：宫调名。仙吕宫是元曲常用的十二宫调之一。醉中天：曲牌名。入仙吕宫，亦入越调、双调。定格句式为五五、七五、六四四，七句七韵，平仄混押。
杨妃：即杨贵妃，唐玄宗的宠妃，是古代著名的美人之一。
马嵬（wéi）灾：指唐朝的马嵬驿兵变。安史之乱爆发后，唐玄宗仓皇由长安出逃，奔向四川，行至马嵬坡，为平息兵谏，不得不赐白绫令杨贵妃自缢。
捧砚：相传李白为唐玄宗挥毫写新词，杨贵妃为之捧砚，高力士为之脱靴。
杀：用在谓语后面，表示程度深。
叵（pǒ）奈：即叵料，不料，没来由。犹言可恨。
觑（qù）：本意指伺视或窥视，这里是看的意思。
洒松烟：乃作者构想之辞。松烟，用松木烧成的烟灰，古人多用以制墨。
参考资料：
1、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：58
2、王星琦．元曲三百首注评．南京：凤凰出版社，2015：21-22
醉中天·佳人脸上黑痣创作背景
此曲创作时间难以确证。白朴历经宋、金、元政权峙立和嬗变的年代，自七岁以来“生长兵间，流落鼠逸”，游走南北，行踪不定。这首散曲即是作者游戏笔墨的体现。
参考资料：
1、于学剑.白朴戏剧：泼墨如烟.戏剧丛刊,2013(02) :83-89.
醉中天·佳人脸上黑痣鉴赏
这支小令的题目在诗词里很少见，此曲也不是名篇，但短短三十九字，有故事，有情节，有悬念，堪称妙绝。寥寥几笔，悬念迭起，笔落才发现原来之前全部皆是由美人脸上的一颗痣的联想。
此曲体物细微、尖新奇警。作者在表现“黑痣”时，不是直接介绍它是如何如何样的特征，而是寓形象于比喻。使用比喻也非开门见山，而是借用故事，迂回深入。首先用两句惊异语开头，突出这位佳人之美：“疑是杨妃在，怎脱马嵬灾？”杨贵妃在马嵬坡遭到不幸，是人所共知的历史，作者设想她脱险了，至今犹“在”，这种想象是非常大胆新奇的。杨贵妃天生丽质，容貌倾国倾城，这又是人所共知的常识，作者将曲中的女子比作杨妃，题中的“佳人”二字就得到了证实。这一比喻显示了她的美貌，又是为她脸上黑痣的美中不足寻找开脱，可见作者对此题的咏写，是以爱怜为前提的。
大诗人李白在唐玄宗天宝初曾入长安宫廷三年，相传受到隆重的宠遇，写文章时，曾由杨贵妃捧砚，内臣高力士脱靴（后者见于史书，前者则出于传说）。据此，“曾与明皇捧砚来”该作“曾与太白捧砚来”才是，但因李白是奉唐明皇之命写诗的，所以换个说法，其实际意思是曾代唐明皇捧砚，供李白挥毫。这样就使得皇帝和贵妃世俗化、平民化了，并使得杨贵妃向黑痣靠近了一步。“美脸风流杀。”这么一个绝代佳人捧着砚台在旁边伺候着，李白禁不住走了神，饱蘸浓墨，笔头一歪，向她的脸上挥去，“觑着娇态，洒松烟点破桃腮”，这才留下了一颗黑痣。容华绝代的美人的粉面上长着一颗才华横溢的诗人点染而成的黑痣，相互映衬，益增娇态。作者并不把李白写作好色之徒，却借着他的举动，为佳人的黑痣“增重身价”，同时也婉曲地表现出脸部黑痣的特征。“叵奈”二字，兼有惋惜与无奈的意味，这再次说明诗人选上这个题目是为了显露新巧的构思，而没有轻薄嘲弄的用意。
白朴此曲，以一个“疑”字引出，悬念，情节，心理，寥寥几笔，全浮于纸上。其艺术手法主要是采用想象和夸张手法，以一个故事的形式来表现事物，生动活泼，逸趣横生，反映了作者富艳的才情。
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杜甫《
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题张氏隐居二首》
白朴简介
唐代·白朴的简介
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白朴（1226—约1306） 原名恒，字仁甫，后改名朴，字太素，号兰谷。汉族，祖籍隩州（今山西河曲附近），后徙居真定（今河北正定县），晚岁寓居金陵（今南京市），终身未仕。他是元代著名的文学家、曲作家、杂剧家，与关汉卿、马致远、郑光祖合称为元曲四大家。代表作主要有《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》、《裴少俊墙头马上》、《董月英花月东墙记》等。
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