赠女冠畅师
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宋代]：秦观
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瞳人剪水腰如束，一幅乌纱裹寒玉。
飘然自有姑射姿，回看粉黛皆尘俗。
雾阁云窗人莫窥，门前车马任东西。
礼罢晓坛春日静，落红满地乳鸦啼。
赠女冠畅师译文及注释
译文
畅师的眼睛明亮如秋水，纤腰细如束素帛，头上一幅青布道巾，包裹着犹如冰肌玉骨的美人。
她翩翩仪态就仿佛藐姑射山上神仙的姿容，回头再看人间粉黛都像尘土般庸俗。
她清幽的住处云雾缭绕有如仙境，别人轻易看不见她；门前游春公子车水马龙，但她视而不见听而不闻。
早晨她做完斋戒功课后即显得心境安宁，纵然在这样的春日里，落红满地，乳鸦鸣啭，她也始终不为所动，真诚奉道。
注释
①女冠：女道士。《旧唐书·则天皇后纪》：“僧尼处道士女冠之前。”《宋史·徽宗纪》：“宣和元年，诏改女冠为女道。”师：对道士的尊称。
②瞳人：瞳孔。唐李贺《唐儿歌》：“骨重神寒天庙器，一双瞳人剪秋水。”腰如束：战国宋玉《登徒子好色赋》：“腰如束素，齿如含贝。”谓腰细如束素帛。
③寒玉：玉质清凉。五代僧贯休《题淮南惠照寺律师院》诗：“仪冠凝寒玉，端居似沃州。”此喻美人形象之清俊，犹冰肌玉骨。
④姑射姿：即神仙姿。语出庄子《逍遥游》：“藐姑射之山，有神人居焉，肌肤若冰雪，绰约若处子。”
⑤“回看”句：唐白居易《长恨歌》：“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。”此用其意。粉黛：借指美女。
⑥雾阁云窗：喻居处之深幽。唐韩愈《华山女》诗：“云窗雾阁事恍惚，重重翠幔深金屏。”这里“云窗”指畅道姑住所。
⑦“门前”句：唐白居易《琵琶行》：“门前冷落车马稀，老大嫁作商人妇。”
⑧礼罢晓坛：指道教之斋戒仪式。据《洞玄灵宝五感文》云：“斋戒前须筑坛三层。”《隋书·经籍志》则谓先要斋戒沐浴，断荤腥，然后入坛。
⑨乳鸦：幼鸦。宋赵长卿（一说秦观）《昭君怨》词：“隔叶乳鸦声软，号断日斜阴转。”
参考资料：
1、陈文新 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：607-608
赠女冠畅师创作背景
此诗题赠一位姓杨的道姑。蔡正孙《诗林广记》：“畅姓惟汝南有之，其族尤奉道。男女为黄冠者，十之八九。时有女冠畅道姑，姿色妍丽，神仙中人也。少游挑之不得，乃作诗云。”据《秦谱》，秦观时为蔡州教授，此诗当即元祐（宋哲宗年号，1086—1094年）中作于蔡州。
参考资料：
1、陈文新 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：607-608
赠女冠畅师鉴赏
这是一首七言古诗。同《淮海词》相比，秦观诗中的爱情题材显得太少，百不二三。此诗是其中重要的一首。也许诗人仍信守诗词严分畛域的观点，因此将爱情题材写入词中，而用诗来表现其他的内容。即使在诗中写到爱情，也是格调高雅，风格清新。
一二句实写畅道姑的美貌。她眼波清澈，身段窈窕，容貌清俊，这三者能显示一个青年女性的美，却没有表现出多少特色；而当诗人为她配置上一幅青布道巾，畅道姑顿时显得别具风韵。“乌纱”是道姑特有的装束，于是其道姑身份就不言自明。而且由“乌纱”“寒玉”这类形象构成的冷色调的意境，表现出这位女道士既和一般粉白黛绿的美女不同，也和韩愈《华山女》所写的“洗妆拭面著冠帔，白咽红颊长眉青”的风流女道士有异。刻画人物能写出这种不可移易的特点，表现了艺术家的匠心。
“飘然自有姑射姿”，其意思颇近于白居易《长恨歌》描写杨贵妃时所说的“天生丽质”，但不说“丽质”而说“姑射姿”，又着以“飘然”二字；所表现的意境便大不相同：一凡俗，而一有仙气。此处为读者展开一片虚无缥缈的神仙世界，正切合此女子的道姑身份。这样，畅道姑就不再立身人间，而是超然立于神仙之境了。惟其如此，下句的“回看”就是来自神仙世界的对整个人间的扫视；而所见人间粉黛，是“皆尘俗”的。一个“皆”字表明毫无例外，同时也显示出，只有畅道姑的美，才达到了超凡脱俗的境地。诗到这里，她的美貌、她的仙气，栩栩如生，作者无须再赞以他词了。
下半首转向人物精神世界的刻画。“雾阁云窗人莫窥”，其实只是说她居于深院，别人轻易看不见她，但出之以暗喻，既借此造成一种迷离惝恍的意境，又显得含蓄有味。这一句是从客观环境表现人物不与红尘相接的一面。“门前”句则从其心境超脱上进一步写，她即使身近红尘，亦可心游其外。陶渊明《饮酒二十首》其五说：“结庐在人境，而无车马喧，问君何能尔，心远地自偏。”秦观化用其意。说“门前”，可见距离之近；说“东西”，可见往返之频。“门前车马”，“东西”往返，其中有许多游春的公子。而这些，恰恰是畅道姑亲眼所见，亲耳所闻。至于她的反应，诗中的回答是：“任东西。”“任”字下得有力。喧者自喧，寂者自寂，畅道姑不为所动。这正是“心远地自偏”。
畅道姑既如此真心诚意地忘情尘俗，潜心奉道，诗人就按照这一逻辑，点出她“礼晓坛”的细节；但不再展开，而是着一“罢”字，跳了过去，然后集中笔墨描写畅道姑活动的背景——“春日静”。这是别具深意的。
这是一个宁静的春日。落红满地，啼鸟鸣啭。而畅道姑不为所动，任其自落自啼，人物与景物的这种关系是很值得寻味的。秦观《千秋岁·水边沙外》说：“花影乱，莺声碎。……春去也，飞红万点愁如海。”花落鸟啼的暮春景色总易触发流光易逝的悲慨，尤其是青年女子，更易产生青春虚度的痛苦和叹息。但畅道姑却别具一种情怀。她真诚奉道，从未因韶华的凋零而产生过惆怅之情，她坦然，宁静，所以花落鸟啼在她眼里不过是寻常景色，引不起感情的波澜。她照常全神贯注地焚香祭祷。暮春尚且如此，其他季节更不言而喻了。“落红满地乳鸦啼”，以景结情，隽永有味。《桐江诗话》以此道姑为神仙中人，殆不虚也。
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白朴《
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醉中天·佳人脸上黑痣》
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李白《
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示金陵子》
秦观简介
唐代·秦观的简介
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秦观（1049-1100）字太虚，又字少游，别号邗沟居士，世称淮海先生。汉族，北宋高邮（今江苏）人，官至太学博士，国史馆编修。秦观一 生坎坷，所写诗词，高古沉重，寄托身世，感人至深。秦观生前行踪所至之处，多有遗迹。如浙江杭州的秦少游祠，丽水的秦少游塑像、淮海先生祠、莺花亭；青田的秦学士祠；湖南郴州三绝碑；广西横县的海棠亭、醉乡亭、淮海堂、淮海书院等。秦观墓在无锡惠山之北粲山上，墓碑上书“秦龙图墓”几个大字。有秦家村、秦家大院以及省级文物保护单位古文游台。
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宋代：
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张耒
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陨叶鸟不顾，枯茎虫莫吟。
野荒田已获，江暗夕多阴。
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饮马长城窟
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：
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郑起
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饮马长城窟，下见征人骨。
长城窟虽深，见骨不见心。
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饯高唐州询
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唐代：
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沈佺期
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弱冠相知早，中年不见多。生涯在王事，客鬓各蹉跎。
良守初分岳，嘉声即润河。还从汉阙下，倾耳听中和。