归国谣·双脸
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唐代]:温庭筠
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双脸,小凤战蓖金飐艳。舞衣无力风敛,藕丝秋色染。
锦帐绣帷斜掩,露珠清晓簟,粉心黄蕊花靥,黛眉山两点。
归国谣·双脸译文及注释
译文
啊!多么漂亮的脸蛋啊!饰有彩凤的小篦子别在头上,闪着金光。她穿着旧日的舞衣,因风停息舞衣若无力般地下垂着,青白色与浅蓝色互相掩映。
锦绣的帷帐半掩着门窗,窗外的露珠使簟席更觉得清凉。她仍然戴着红心黄蕊色的花靥,眉间涂的黛色如两条远山。
注释
⑴归国遥:词牌名,又作“归国谣”。
⑵“双脸”二句:写头面形象。双脸:两鬓。篦(bì):梳头的工具,比梳子齿密。小凤战蓖:精细的彩凤绘在蓖子之上。战蓖,即蓖子,疑是如蓖子形的首饰。《花间集》“战篦”连用二次,均见温词中,双音词。金飐(zhǎn)艳:金光闪闪,艳丽耀眼。《说文》:飐,风吹浪动也。
⑶“舞衣”二句:写穿着。敛:收敛,引申为停歇。藕丝:颜色之一,指青白色,这里借代为衣裙。李贺《天上谣》:“粉霞红绶藕丝裙。秋色:浅蓝色。
⑷绣帷:绣花帷幕。
⑸“露珠”句:窗外树上有了露珠,簟席便益觉清凉。温庭筠诗《瑶瑟怨》:“冰簟银床梦不成,碧天如水夜云轻。”清:使簟席清凉,形容词使动用法。
⑹“粉心”二句:写面饰。花靥(yè):妇女面上的妆饰物。明杨慎《丹铅录》:“唐韦固妻少为盗所刃,伤靥,以翠掩之。女妆遂有靥饰。”又唐段成式《西阳杂俎》:“今妇人面饰用花子,起自上官昭容,所制以掩黥迹。”《花间集》中,“翠靥”、“花靥”、“金靥”、“金靥子”、“星靥”均指此种妆饰。
参考资料:
1、聂安福导读.温庭筠词集 韦庄词集.上海:上海古籍出版社,2010:45
归国谣·双脸鉴赏
这首词与《归国遥·香玉》一样,也是写美女形象的,两阕的表现手法也一致。只是《归国遥·香玉》写的是春天,而《归国遥·双脸》写的是秋天。第一句:“双脸。”人们看一个女子,大约首先都是看她的脸。而这一眼就美得人惊讶。只此二字,竟来不及仔细地形容。固然这是词律的要求,但他妙就妙在他的选字。手法虽相同,但在具体的写法上,却又和《归国遥·香玉》有异。那阕是首先写对她的总体的感觉,而这里则是先着眼于脸这一点。这就是大家的手笔,绝不重复自己。
第二句由脸而及首饰。而将第三四两句合写服饰。又与《归国遥·香玉》有别。首饰和那阕的一样,故较为简单,这次头上的凤钗不是玉而是金的,自然凤口中也衔着宝石的流苏;它在头上不停地颤动着,这就使人物也生动了起来。古时妇女的头上还会插上一些梳子、篦子,那也许是金的,故他这里着了一个“艳”字,那是金光闪闪的。
第三句“舞衣”,点出了词中的主人公是个舞妓或侍姬的身份。“舞衣无力风敛”,这是形容她舞罢的样子。舞衣因停止了舞蹈,无风而自敛,若无力般地垂着。自然,这“无力”也可以是写舞女的娇慵。这一场舞,使她用尽了浑身的气力。还有一层意思是她穿上了昔日的舞衣,然而因为无须舞了,这舞衣也和人一样,因情绪的低落而无力地垂着。从整个词读来,似乎更应是这后者。她此时的穿着旧时的舞衣,是忆旧,也是惋惜。今日无可舞者,司马迁说:女为悦己者容。无可舞者,也就是无可悦的了。司马迁同时相并的还有一句是:士为知己者用。故这二者的情愫是可以相通的。“舞衣无力风敛”,旧愁新怨都从这一打扮上透露了出来。无力,是说舞衣质地的极其轻薄,仿佛不能自持,故而经风一吹,都紧紧地贴在了身上,显出了窈窕的身子和飘飘欲仙的姿势。同时,也是衣著者的慵态。读来未免楚楚动人。最后说明了衣服的质地是如藕丝织成的那样轻薄,而颜色则是金黄色的。因为秋天是收获的季节,故以黄色为秋色。这舞衣质地之美,与衣著者的无力之神态,这就做成了一种不和谐的美,它透露出的消息,决不是快乐而是忧伤。这忧伤不论是出之于外力还是发自于自己,总之,读得人满是愀心的疼痛。
下片,同样是全景式的描写:因为秋凉了,故而把竹帘换成了锦帐绣帏,然而同低垂的帘子一样,它也无需撩开,故而仍任它们自在地斜斜的掩着。写出室中人一幅百无聊赖的样子。晓则晓矣,说什么“清晓”,这是从人的心理上过渡来的。天光了,这个早晨却是这样的清冷。因为帘子半撩着,所以也看得见早晨外面的露珠,不知怎地,让人由露珠而感到她那床上垫着的篾簟子,一定也是冰凉的。这都是极写她的孤寂。
末二句,可谓伤心已极之句。人没有来,然而她仍然盛妆着。将一张粉脸,打扮得如花一样,粉心、黄蕊、眉山,这都是当时的时样打扮。下文词人没有说。然而其实他通首都说了,纵然打扮得再美,也不过是再一次的重复昨日而已。因而,此情却极其可悯。
其实,温庭筠虽然在字面上写得极其香艳,而实际上,内里却又是极其悲凉。外热而内冷。他是在将美撕毁给人看,所以他所写的实际是一曲悲剧,是脂粉中的不和谐音。
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朱淑真《
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生查子·年年玉镜台》
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朱淑真《
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生查子·年年玉镜台》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠(约812—866)唐代诗人、词人。本名岐,字飞卿,太原祁(今山西祁县东南)人。富有天才,文思敏捷,每入试,押官韵,八叉手而成八韵,所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁,又好讥刺权贵,多犯忌讳,取憎于时,故屡举进士不第,长被贬抑,终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗,与李商隐齐名,时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽,秾艳精致,内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上,为“花间派”首要词人,对词的发展影响较大。在词史上,与韦庄齐名,并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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曲路重关小有天,招招酒旆解留仙。荒城古塔凌霄汉,古树层台薄晚烟。
灯火前街人似沸,鸡声寒店夜如年。千般总是征途味,留得霜华到鬓边。
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李如一书癖
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沙曾达
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纵横经籍喜幽居,满架琳琅胜五车。图著身心能阐发,不同高阁饱蟫鱼。