黄头郎
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唐代]：李贺
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黄头郎，捞拢去不归。
南浦芙蓉影，愁红独自垂。
水弄湘娥佩，竹啼山露月。
玉瑟调青门，石云湿黄葛。
沙上蘼芜花，秋风已先发。
好持扫罗荐，香出鸳鸯热。
黄头郎译文及注释
译文
黄头郎，摇船外出，久久未归还。
一个荷花般的身影在南面的水边，独自伫立，愁容满面。
流水潺潺，像拨弄着湘娥的佩环，竹啼生露，月光布满山涧。
轻拂玉瑟，弹起《青门》曲，山间的云露把黄色的葛花湿染。
白色的蘼芜花开满了沙滩，早来的秋风预告着丈夫即将回返。
为迎接亲人，铺扫罗锦褥垫，还急急忙忙把鸳鸯炉里的熏香点燃。
注释
黄头郎：汉代掌管船舶行驶的吏员。后泛指船夫。根据“五行”理论，土胜水，其色黄，所以古代撑船的人都戴黄帽，号为“黄头郎”。
捞拢：摇船荡桨。叶葱奇注：“捞拢，指摇船荡桨。”
南浦：南面的水边。古人送别之地的习称。语本《楚辞·九歌·河伯》：“子交手兮东行，送美人兮南浦。”芙蓉影：明言荷花，暗喻临浦送别的少妇的艳美姿容。
愁红：被风雨摧残的花。亦以喻女子的愁容。
湘娥：指湘妃。即帝舜二妃娥皇与女英。佩（pèi）：系在腰间的玉饰。
青门：曲调名。一说是长安城东南的城门。
石云：山石间通起的云气。古人认为云气萌生于山石中，所以称石为“云根”，云为“石云”。黄葛：开黄花的葛草。葛之一种。茎皮纤维可织葛布或作造纸原料者。
蘼（mí）芜（wú）：草名，其叶有香气，七、八月间开白花。
罗荐：用丝罗做的垫褥。
鸳鸯：指鸳鸯形的熏香炉。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：68-70
黄头郎创作背景
在唐代二百八十九年漫长的岁月里，诗坛上出现了许许多多写思妇幽怨的诗章。然而唐代的思妇诗写得多而且好。李贺此诗中的黄头郎，是一个管理船运的小官。这类官员同船队一起外出，所以夫妻经常分离。此诗即为这类下级官吏的妻子代言。
黄头郎鉴赏
这是一首思妇的怨歌。宋代大诗论家严羽说过：“唐人好诗，多是征戍、迁谪、行旅、离别之作，往往能感动激发人意。”李贺这首《黄头郎》通过押运管理船运的下级官吏的境遇，来反映唐代社会生活中的思妇怀人这一主题。
诗的开头两句，“捞拢”一词点出了造成夫妻分离、家人不能团聚的原因。“去不归”表面上只是叙述，但这一“叙述”却包含着幽怨。他成年累月离家在外，引起自己无限的思念。两句诗似脱口而出，又似呼唤远方的丈夫。这样，诗一开头就把一个情感丰富的少妇形象呈现出来。
“南浦芙蓉影，愁红独自垂。”送别丈夫的水边，一支荷花，影影绰绰，那红色显得那样的哀愁，独自低垂着头。这里是写荷花，但更是写人。在烟波渺渺的南浦，一支愁红惨淡的荷花，孤伶伶的，把气氛渲染得那样寂寞凄凉。这凄凉的荷花其实也是人，正是那寂寞哀愁的少妇形象的艺术化。丈夫出远门，长久未归，她独自一个人又到了送别丈夫的水边，伫立着，眺望远处的船帆，一张张帆过去了，过去了，却不是自己丈夫的归帆，她只能哀愁伤感地低下头。这花似人，以花写人；这人似花，以人拟花。花人合一，人比花更愁。诗人把思妇苦苦相待的心情生动形象地传给了读者。接下去诗人用了一个流泪的典故。娥皇、女英这一传说富有美丽的神话色彩，能引起读者丰富的幻想。特别是李贺在运用这个典故时突出了声、色两个方面，使这个人们常用的典故和当时的环境十分吻合，有声有色地渲染了环境，渲染了人物的心情。你看：那叮咚叮咚的流水声，多像是二位妃子赶路时那玉佩碰击的声音；在惨淡的月影中，山间的竹子摇曳着，那竹叶上晶莹的露珠儿像是幽竹的眼泪。这里的月影、水声、幽竹、露珠，把“愁红独自垂”的“芙蓉”衬托得更加哀怨，也把少妇思念的情怀渲染得婉曲感人。以上是诗的第一部分。
“玉瑟调青门”一句可看作是“青门调玉瑟”的倒装。这里场景变换了，从送别的“南浦”到了“青门”，这中间有时间的跳跃，不是连续性的场面。她算计着时间，自己心爱的丈夫大概要归来了，于是抱起玉瑟到霸城门边守候，盼望丈夫的归来。她时而翘首归途，时而弹瑟以消磨时光；一直到傍晚降临，暮云冉冉而起，把开着黄花之葛藤都沾湿了。在河边沙滩上的蘼芜，开着白白的花，在秋风中摆动。这时候少妇想到要把罗荐打扫好，在鸳鸯炉上点燃香料，让丈夫一到家就感受温暖芳香。这位少妇盼望丈夫归来的感情是多么热烈真挚。这一部分里写得亲切动人，除了得力于诗人描绘了这位思妇的两个行动：深情地抱瑟等候于青门外边，在家中扫干净垫荐、焚热香炉；更得力于这六句诗对色彩的点染：青门、黄葛、白云、蘼芜花，交汇成多姿多彩的画面，这就更能突出少妇的感情了。全诗就是这样，由两部分组成：思念、盼归。这两部分前后呼应，构成了哀怨婉转、情感深挚的境界。
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苏轼《
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南乡子·寒玉细凝肤》
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李白《
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湖边采莲妇》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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郑玠
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身为俗吏趋行部，手艺名香祝有年。
五色雀飞庆荐祉，七星松古自通仙。
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赠龄首座主庵 其五
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宋代：
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释慧空
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说圆不觉拖泥水，立悟分明落二三。要得不移毫发许，宝云山里宝云庵。