鹦鹉曲·赤壁怀古
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元代]:冯子振
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茅庐诸葛亲曾住。早赚出抱膝梁父。笑谈间汉鼎三分,不记得南阳耕雨。叹西风卷尽豪华,往事大江东去。彻如今话说渔樵,算也是英雄了处。
鹦鹉曲·赤壁怀古译文及注释
译文
诸葛亮曾亲自以草屋为家,抱膝长吟,从容潇洒,可惜早早被刘备骗出山来经营天下。
他谈笑间轻而易举地奠定了三分汉室的格局,却忘了南阳在雨中耕作的旧日生涯。
那西风卷尽了历史的风流繁华,往事随着大江滚滚东去,怎不叫人感叹嗟呀!
一直到现在,渔夫樵子还谈起诸葛亮在赤壁大战中的传说和佳话,大概也算是英雄的一种结局吧!
注释
赤壁:在今湖北蒲圻县长江南岸,三国时孙权、刘备合兵在此大破曹操的军队。
赚出:骗了出来。抱膝梁父:指隐居的诸葛亮。
抱膝:手抱住膝盖,安闲的样子。
梁父:本指《梁父吟》,相传为诸葛亮所作,这里代指诸葛亮。
汉鼎三分:将汉帝国一分为三。鼎,旧时视作国家的重器,比喻政权。
南阳:汉代郡名,包括今湖北襄樊及河南南阳一带。诸葛亮早年曾在南阳隐居耕作。
彻:直到。
参考资料:
1、天下阅读网.鹦鹉曲·赤壁怀古
鹦鹉曲·赤壁怀古鉴赏
发生于公元208年的赤壁大战,奠定了三国鼎立的局面,人们登临赤壁,无一例外地会缅想起这段往事。这场大战是由东吴周瑜指挥而击败曹操的,苏东坡《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》“谈笑间强虏灰飞烟灭”,也还是在赞美周郎。到了元代,民间的三国故事流行,诸葛亮在大战中的神机妙算和丰功伟绩于是深入人心。
这支散曲便以诸葛亮为代表对象。作品的上片,从诸葛亮南阳躬耕的出处说起,只在第三句凭着“笑谈间”三字,隐隐点出了赤壁大战的影子。“笑谈间汉鼎三分”,简短的一句便概括了诸葛亮建功立业的从容和游刃有余的才干。然而,第四句又滑回“南阳烟雨”,可见诗人怀古的思绪,并不停留在赤壁战场,而是进入了人生思索的更深层次。在诗人看来,诸葛亮为“汉鼎三分”的努力是付出惨重代价的,使他再不能重回隐居的生活中去,他的出山得不偿失,是上了刘备的当了。“赚出”二字,用语偏激,言下有无穷的惋惜之意。这种从怀古的本景宕开一层的写法,显示了诗人心绪的联翩与感慨的深沉。
〔幺〕篇用一个“叹”字领起,揭开了诗人的感情世界。原来,他是在吊古,更是在伤今。以伤今的眼光吊古,怎能不为古人叹惋。扑面来阵阵的西风,眼前是滔滔的长江,“大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物”,一时豪杰安在。只不过在渔夫樵子的闲谈中传说着罢了。结局如此,那么诸葛亮何必要出山施展才干,建立功勋。还不如留在茅庐“抱膝”、“耕雨”好呢。这四句又只有“大江东去”四字同“赤壁怀古”隐隐关联,其余皆是脱羁的思绪。但前片着眼于历史,〔幺〕篇着眼于现况;前片的首句是诸葛亮的出处,〔幺〕篇的末句则是他的“了处”。前后既对比,又呼应,合在一起,便是借怀古以抒发对现实的感慨。苏东坡《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》缅怀周瑜,这一支曲子缅怀诸葛亮,两者的宣泄方式不同,从“怀古”拉回到现实人生的径路却是一致的。
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冯子振《
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冯子振简介
唐代·冯子振的简介
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冯子振,元代散曲名家,1253-1348,字海粟,自号瀛洲洲客、怪怪道人,湖南攸县人。自幼勤奋好学。元大德二年(1298)登进士及第,时年47岁,人谓“大器晚成”。朝廷重其才学,先召为集贤院学士、待制,继任承事郎,连任保宁(今四川境内)、彰德(今河南安阳)节度使。晚年归乡著述。世称其“博洽经史,于书无所不记”,且文思敏捷。下笔不能自休。一生著述颇丰,传世有《居庸赋》、《十八公赋》、《华清古乐府》、《海粟诗集》等书文,以散曲最著。
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