柳州峒氓
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唐代]：柳宗元
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郡城南下接通津，异服殊音不可亲。
青箬裹盐归峒客，绿荷包饭趁虚人。
鹅毛御腊缝山罽，鸡骨占年拜水神。
愁向公庭问重译，欲投章甫作文身。
柳州峒氓译文及注释
译文
柳州城南连接着四通八达的渡口，峒人服饰不同言语不通无法亲近。
回家去的人拿青箬竹叶裹着盐巴，赶集来的人用绿色荷叶包着食品。
用鹅毛装填被褥抵御冬寒，以鸡骨占卜年景祭拜水神。
为判决案件要靠翻译发愁，真想脱掉官府当纹身峒人。
注释
峒：古代对广西、湖南、贵州一带的少数民族的泛称。氓（méng）：民，百姓。
郡城：郡治所在地。这里指柳州。唐李德裕《登崖州城作》诗：“青山似欲留人住，百匝千遭绕郡城。”
异服：不合礼制的服饰；奇异的服装。
殊音：异音。特殊的乐音或声音。
青箬：箬竹的叶子。箬竹叶大质薄，常用以裹物。
趁虚：即“趁墟”。赶集。
御腊：就是御寒的意思。腊，腊月，即阴历十二月，是天气很冷的时候。山罽（jì）：山民用毛制作的毡毯一类的织物。这里指用鹅毛缝制的被子。
鸡骨占年：鸡的骨头。古时或用以占卜。
水神：水域之神；司水之神。
公庭：公堂，法庭。
章甫：古代的一种礼帽。这里指代士大夫的服装。文身：在身上刺画花纹。这是古代越地的一种习俗。
参考资料：
1、王松龄 杨立扬 等．柳宗元诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：39-40
柳州峒氓创作背景
柳宗元被贬永州司马十年期间，心情一直很郁闷，经常纵情于山水以消忧，不大与人民接近。调任柳州刺史后，思想有所转变。于是深入民间，了解人民的生活、风俗、习惯，关心他们的疾苦。《柳州峒氓》这首诗，就是写他在柳州跟峒氓生活接近的情况的。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：524-526
柳州峒氓鉴赏
此诗头二句写初到柳州时的感受。这两句是总起，“不可亲”三字，深含感叹之情，很自然地开启下文。
中间四句接着写峒氓的生活、习俗。柳州峒氓，多住在山村，日常生活必需品尤其是盐，要到郡城集市去买，所以三、四两句接着描写他们赶集的情景：这两句是用倒置法，说峒氓们赶集买盐往返甚是辛苦。第五句“鹅毛御腊缝山罽”，写峒氓御寒之物，说在天气寒冷的腊月里，峒氓们用鹅毛制成的被子来抵御寒冷。下句接着写峒氓的迷信风俗。“鸡骨占年拜水神”。“鸡骨占年”，是峒氓的迷信风俗，以为占卜可以知道年景的好坏。“拜水神”，即向水神礼拜。峒氓们用鸡骨去占卜，问水神祈祷一年的好收成。以上四句描写了柳州峒氓的贫苦生活和迷信风俗，富有浓厚的地方色彩。
最后两句抒写心意，表示愿意随俗。《庄子·逍遥游》里说：宋国人到越国去贩卖章甫这种礼帽，越国人断发文身，用不着这种礼帽。这里化用这个故事，表示愿意随俗。作者不乐意只在公庭上通过译员来和峒氓接触，而宁愿抛掉中原的士大夫服装，随峒氓的习俗，在身上也刺上花纹，学习他们的样子，与他们亲近。
这首诗用朴素的语言，如实地描写出诗人和柳州少数民族人民生活接近的情况。起初虽然感到“异服殊音不可亲”。最后却“欲投章甫作文身。”诗人自己本来不信神，而民间有迷信风俗，但他不肯疏远他们，而愿意和他们在一起，表现出了入乡随俗的思想。对一个封建社会中的地方官来讲，这是难能可贵的。正因为这样，他在柳州刺史任上，施政能够从人民的生活实际出发，为他们兴利除弊，做了不少有利于民的好事，如减轻赋税，引导人民发展生产，改善生活，兴办学校，培养人才，特别是想方设法赎回许多被典质的贫苦人民的子女，使他们从奴隶的命运中解放出来，因此作者任柳州刺史虽仅四年便病逝了，却一直深为柳州人民感激和怀念不已。至今柳州还有纪念他的“柳侯祠”。
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晏几道《
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鹧鸪天·梅蕊新妆桂叶眉》
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·十八》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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