赠江华长老
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唐代]：柳宗元
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老僧道机熟，默语心皆寂。
去岁别舂陵，沿流此投迹。
室空无侍者，巾屦唯挂壁。
一饭不愿馀，跏趺便终夕。
风窗疏竹响，露井寒松滴。
偶地即安居，满庭芳草积。
赠江华长老译文及注释
译文
老和尚精通释氏道义，整天默默不语而心神宁静。
据说是去年离开舂陵，沿着潇水投奔零陵。
居室简陋没有侍者，只有毛巾鞋子挂在壁屛。
用餐时一粒饭都不肯剩存，饭后盘腿而坐直至太阳西沉。
窗外风吹稀疏的竹枝沙沙作响，井边的老松上清露泠泠。
适合的地方就是安居的场所，庭院青悠悠芳草芬馨。
注释
长老：对寺庙住持或德高年长之僧的尊称。
机：关键、要点。
舂（chōng）陵：地名，在今湖南宁远县柏家坪。
屦（jù）：用麻、葛等制成的鞋。
跏趺（jīa fū）：佛教徒结跏趺坐的略称，双足交迭而坐，是佛教中修禅者的坐法。
偶：谐合。
参考资料：
1、王国安．柳宗元诗笺释．上海：上海古籍出版社，2008：200-203
赠江华长老创作背景
此诗是柳宗元写给一位江华籍老和尚的赠诗。此诗作于柳宗元贬谪永州时期（805—815年）。江华籍老和尚是写此诗前一年才由舂陵移居永州的。此诗应是诗人住龙兴寺时，出入寺庙观察有感后而写的。
赠江华长老鉴赏
这是一首酬赠诗，诗中描述了这样一位老和尚：他生性喜静，沉于佛事，佛理精熟，生活简朴，令人肃然起敬。全诗语言明白晓畅，内容单一。
全诗可分为三节，前四句是第一节，概括介绍老和尚，一“熟”一“默”，形象地刻画出了老和尚内外特点。中四句为第二节，以白描手法，反映了老和尚节俭的生活。后四句为第三节，写庭院环境，衬托老和尚不凡的修养。全诗结构匀称合理。
此诗在写法上运用衬托手法。先写老僧话少心静，再写居室空荡，生活简朴，环境天然，意在衬托“长老”内在的充实以及对佛道的精熟。在此诗第三节以生活环境的自然幽雅来衬托主人的涵养。另外，此诗所布的“虚白”，如长老的家世如何，缘何而投空门，乃至姓名法号等等，读者都不得而知。诗人有意将此谈化，恰恰突显了中心内容，使“熟”字成为此诗的诗眼。把读者的目光引向了长者对佛的热情与虔诚，“长者”就像是为“佛”而生，为之痴迷，愿为之倾尽生命的坚定执著的信使，是一名地道的全身心投入的“浮屠”。
柳宗元的赠诗答诗，一般都是写给好友亲朋的。像此诗这样写给既非亲故、又无深交的一般僧侣，是少之又少。这就反映出诗人对老和尚的敬慕以及贬谪生活的孤独寂寞之情。此诗不仅表现了诗人对长老的敬仰与羡慕，同时也反映出诗人当时旧痛欲罢不能的心境。
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·十八》
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姚宽《
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生查子·情景》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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