生查子·情景
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宋代]:姚宽
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郎如陌上尘,妾似堤边絮。相见两悠扬,踪迹无寻处。
酒面扑春风,泪眼零秋雨。过了离别时,还解相思否?
生查子·情景译文及注释
译文
郎君像路上扬起的尘土,我像河堤边生长的柳树。匆匆相见即离别,今后到哪里去寻找你的脚步。
相逢时我们因幸福而面容绯红,就像迎接扑面而来的春风,如今我们泪眼相对地别离,泪水挥洒如同秋雨。过了这悲伤离别的一刻,分手之后你是否还会把我想起。
注释
生查(zhā)子:词牌名。又名“相和柳”“梅溪渡”等。原唐教坊曲,后用为词调。双调,四十字。前后段各四句,两仄韵。
陌上尘:大路上的尘土。
堤边絮:河堤上的柳絮。
悠扬:飞扬,飘忽起伏。
酒面:因喝酒而泛红的脸庞。
参考资料:
1、吴熊和.《唐宋词汇·两宋卷·第3册》:浙江教育出版社,1995:1952
2、《宋词鉴赏大全集》编委会编著,宋词鉴赏大全集,中国华侨出版社,2010.10,第222页
生查子·情景创作背景
这首词从词意上看,写的是萍冰相逢式的短暂的爱情生活,词中的主人公为女性,大概是歌妓一类。这首词题为“情景”,很可能是作者亲眼见景见情,触动了灵感,于是创作了这一首词,以求真实反映宋代的社会现象,表现对歌妓深深的同情。
参考资料:
1、钱仲联主编,爱情词与散曲鉴赏辞典,湖南教育出版社,1992.09,第342页
生查子·情景鉴赏
这是一首闺词。全词以女主人的口气道出,不作雕饰,自然流畅,一气呵成。
这首词由八句组成,其中有六句使用了比喻。首句“郎如陌上尘”,次句“妾似堤边絮”,并非各以一物为喻,而是互文见意,言妾亦如陌上尘,郎亦如堤边絮。尘与絮悠扬飘荡,无辙可循。尘与尘相遇,絮与絮相逢,聚乃偶然,散亦无法觅其踪迹。把两个人遇合方式的特点,通过尘与絮的“相见两悠扬,踪迹无寻处”体现出来,喻义明确,词篇的表现力因此加强,引人入胜。
在上阕中,一、二句各自设比,三、四句补叙所比的内容,作为比喻,四句词是一个不可分割的整体,但从措意的过程分析,其间的条理十分清晰。此外,最后两句向对方提出“过了别离时,还解相思否”的疑问,这又同上半阕的别时情绪遥相呼应。通过这种呼应,一方面表达了女主人公对情郎的无限忠贞,另一方面又对男方的爱情表示了担心和疑虑。这种“救首救尾”手法的运用,不仅使词篇结构更加谨严,而且揭示主题方面,显然起到了非常重要的作用。
下阕的“酒面扑春风,泪眼零秋雨”,也是用比喻,不过是暗喻而已。此句“泪”、“雨”并见,以连绵的秋雨喻不断洒落的泪珠,取喻显明,亦足动人。至于“酒面扑春风”,字面本于杜甫《咏怀古迹》诗“画图省识春风面”,而谓女子酒后,脸上绯红,有似春风扑人。像“酒面扑春风”这类比喻,本来喻体和本体的相似点就不甚显著,作者不仅不把相似点说出,反而用叙述式的句子,似乎只在实写两种相关的事物。在这种情况下读者要想真正理解词人的真实意图,就非得下一番推敲的功夫不可。这种比喻,修辞学上称为“曲喻”,古人称之为“不似之似”或“象外句”。“酒面春风”似乎是即写酒又写风,其实是借春风比酒后脸的情态。
在结构安排上,该词表现为一个严密的有机体,段落层次十分清晰、显明。词篇写别时情景,自然以描写告别场面的“酒面扑春风,泪眼零秋雨”两句为中心,上半阕为别时的感慨,末二句设想别后的情事,篇幅虽不长,却容下了别情离绪的各个方面。
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陶渊明《
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姚宽简介
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姚宽,字令威,号西溪。会稽嵊县(今浙江省嵊县)人,宋宣和3年随父迁居诸暨,其子姚侃、姚仅为诸暨市浬浦镇陶姚村姚氏迁入祖。宋代杰出的史学家、科学家,著名词人。
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