瑞鹧鸪·观潮
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宋代]：苏轼
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碧山影里小红旗。侬是江南踏浪儿。拍手欲嘲山简醉，齐声争唱浪婆词。
西兴渡口帆初落，渔浦山头日未欹。侬欲送潮歌底曲？尊前还唱使君诗。
瑞鹧鸪·观潮译文及注释
译文
青山影里舞动着小红旗，我是江南踏浪弄潮的小伙子。拍手想笑我如山简酩酊醉，两岸观众齐唱浪婆词。
西兴渡口赛舟的帆刚落，渔浦山头的太阳还没有偏移。我想送潮该唱哪一支曲？对酒还应高歌陈太守作的诗。
注释
踏浪儿，参加水戏的选手。孟郊《送淡公诗》：“侬是清浪儿，每踢清浪游。”
山简：字季伦，晋时人，好酒，《晋书》记载当时的儿歌嘲他“日夕倒载归，酩酊无所知”。李白《襄阳歌》：“傍人借问笑何事？笑杀山公醉似泥。”
浪婆：波浪之神。孟郊《铜斗歌》：“侬是踏浪儿，饮则拜浪婆。”
欹（qī），通欹，倾斜。
底，什么。歌底曲，唱啥子歌曲。
使君，指杭州太守陈襄。是日作者与陈襄同游。陈襄字述古，在当时也是有名的诗人。
参考资料：
1、陈迩冬．苏东坡诗词选 ． ：人民文学出版社，1982-07 ：94
2、王水照 王宜瑷．苏轼诗词选注：上海古籍出版社，1990：157
3、徐培均．苏轼诗词选注：上海远东出版社，2011：115-116
瑞鹧鸪·观潮创作背景
苏轼在《乌台诗案》中说：“熙宁六年，任杭州通判，因八月十五日观潮作诗五首，写在安济亭上。”其诗即《八月十五日看潮五绝》。王文诰《苏文忠公诗编注集成总案》卷十指出：“八月十五日观潮，题诗安济亭上，复作《瑞鹧鸪》词。”合而观之，可知这首词作于宋神宗熙宁六年（1073年）八月。
参考资料：
1、王水照 王宜瑷．苏轼诗词选注：上海古籍出版社，1990：157
2、徐培均．苏轼诗词选注：上海远东出版社，2011：115-116
瑞鹧鸪·观潮鉴赏
浙江钱塘潮本是大自然的奇观，自唐以来，天下闻名。在词苑中，最早阑入这一“伟观”的，要数白居易的《忆江南》三首之二：“山寺月中寻桂子，郡亭枕上看潮头。”宋初潘阆在《酒泉子》十首之十中对此也有颇见精采的描写：“来疑沧海尽成空，万面鼓声中。”如此雄奇的自然景观，对于通判杭州的苏轼来说，确实具有巨大的吸引力。但直到判杭的第三年中秋节，苏轼才得到了观潮的机会，并留下了诗词作品。这首词有比较独特的表现角度。如果说《八月十五日看潮五绝》只是综括地写看潮时所见所感，显得既深厚又驳杂的话，那么这首词便是侧重写大显身手的弄潮儿，换言之，作者摄取了钱塘潮中一道特殊的风景线，因而显得比较单一和明朗。
上片写弄潮儿在万顷波中自由、活泼的形象。他们开始出现在两岸观众面前的形象是：“碧山影里小红旗”。远处的青山是自然背景，江潮从那儿汹涌而来，影影绰绰的，江面上闪现出一面面鲜艳的小红旗。这真可说是万绿丛中数点红，显得格外耀眼。词的第一句以高大的“碧山”来突出“小红旗”，这是一种衬托：而以“小红旗”来写人——弄潮儿，这又是一种衬托。试想脚踩怒涛，手执红旗，劈波斩浪，如履平地，这需要过硬的水上功夫。周密在《观潮》中写得好：“吴儿善泅者数百，······手持十幅大彩旗，争先鼓勇，溯迎而上，出没于鲸波万仞之中，腾身百变，而旗尾略不沾湿”。潘阆的《酒泉子》词也不乏生动的描写：“弄潮儿向潮头立，手把红旗旗不湿。”此词则是抓住特征性的事物，以物写人，以简写繁，可谓别具手眼。接着第二句交代了人的身份：“侬是江南踏浪儿。”这也流露出万顷波中得自由的水上健儿的自豪感。这“踏浪儿”与“小红旗”前后相互映发，相互补充，是理解前文以物写人的依据。三、四句进一步写弄潮儿的诙谐与活泼：“拍手欲嘲山简醉，齐声争唱浪婆词。”大意是说，晋朝的山简虽然洒脱不拘，是个名士，却是个酒鬼，还是很可笑的，大家都齐声争着唱起拜浪婆的歌词。水上健儿们不仅在作体育表演，而且在作文娱表演，并透露出乐观、开朗的精神状态。
下片写钱塘江退潮，弄潮儿唱起“使君诗”作为送潮曲。过片“西兴渡口”两句，写渡口落帆、山头红日这些静态的景物，一方面显示出时间的推移，暗示弄潮儿的水上表演已持续了数小时之久；一方面又暗写钱江已退潮，由下文“送潮”二字也可以明白地看出来。好比一场戏，只把布景显现出来，而戏中的情节却秘而不宣，留给观众去想象，这是词人用笔精炼、含蓄的表现。结拍两句紧承前文，点明“送潮”，并顺便提及与己同游的知州陈襄，显得不亢不卑。
这首《瑞鹧鸪》与其说是写景词或山水词，不如说是风俗词，从某种意义上说，是当时杭州文化习俗一个历史的记录。显而易见，作品用了代言体，以弄潮儿的口吻展开叙写，亲切有味。作品也受到了民歌风调的影响，能给人以质朴自然的美感。这首词，很像唐代诗人刘禹锡深受民歌熏陶的《竹枝词》、《浪淘沙》词一类作品。仅此一端，可以看出，苏轼在词创作中是受到了多方面的滋养的，唯其能吸纳百川，才能最终形成“沧海横流”的景象。
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李贺《
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唐儿歌（杜豳公之子）》
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苏轼《
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王维吴道子画》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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明代：
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方孝孺
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周道昔沦丧，凤鸟收其声。纷纷徇世士，各以智术鸣。
仲舒起西都，蜀汉有孔明。下帷谈正谊，濡走济群生。
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和丹岩以青溪至有作
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：
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卫宗武
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故人未到欠诗催，才到九山云为开。
野鹤正思寻老伴，盟鸥亦竞喜朋来。