跋子瞻和陶诗
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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子瞻谪岭南，时宰欲杀之。
饱吃惠州饭，细和渊明诗。
彭泽千载人，东坡百世士。
出处虽不同，风味乃相似。
跋子瞻和陶诗译文及注释
译文
苏子瞻被贬官到岭南，当宰相的想要把他杀死。
他饱吃了惠州的饭，又认真地和了渊明的诗。
陶彭泽是千古不朽的人物，苏东坡也是百代传名的贤士。
苏的出仕与陶的归隐，情况虽有不同，但两人的风格和情味，却是多么相似啊。
注释
跋（bá）：文体的一种，多写在书籍和文章的后面。
子瞻：即苏轼，字子瞻，眉州眉山（今属四川省眉山市）人，祖籍河北栾城，北宋文学家、书法家、画家。
和陶诗：和陶渊明的诗。
岭南：地区名，指五岭以南地区。
时宰：当时的执政者，指章悖。
饱吃惠州饭：哲宗绍圣元年（1094年），苏轼被贬官，至惠州安置，时达三年。惠州：今福建。
彭泽：地名，在今江西九江东北部。陶渊明曾在此地作县令，因不愿“为五斗米折腰”而辞官归乡。这里以彭泽指代陶渊明。
处：隐居田园。
参考资料：
1、霍松林著．宋诗举要：安徽师范大学出版社，2015.06：第160-161页
跋子瞻和陶诗创作背景
建中靖国元年（1101年），苏轼病逝常州。崇宁元年（1102年），诗人知太平州，九天即被罢官。当时赵挺之为相，仇视诗人，欲置之死地。诗人联系自身遭遇，写下这首诗来表达对苏轼的深沉忆念和崇敬。
参考资料：
1、霍松林著．宋诗举要：安徽师范大学出版社，2015.06：第160-161页
跋子瞻和陶诗鉴赏
诗题“跋”字表示诗人对苏轼的尊敬。首二句分量极重，也切合事实。“时宰”章悖贬东坡于惠州，自以为东坡在那里既无自由，又不服水土，必死无疑。孰料东坡泰然处之。诗人平淡中概括了苏轼先贬惠州，再贬儋州，已至天涯海角之绝地的经历。“时宰欲杀之”五字，有回拦横截之力，写出诗人对执政者妒能嫉贤、残酷打击的无比愤慨。尤其用一“欲”字点出其用心之狠，而为苏轼抱无尽之同情。状况如此沦落，诗人再用“饱吃饭”与“细和诗”两个生活细节，生动而具体地再现了苏轼超迈洒脱的精神境界。前两句用力之重，恰恰成为后二句的铺垫，造出跌宕悬殊的强烈效果。
“饱吃惠州饭，细和渊明诗”急转，在“时宰欲杀之”的情况下既不乞怜，也不忧伤，而是“饱吃惠州饭，细和渊明诗”。这是对“时宰”迫害的极大蔑视，也是胸襟开朗、人品卓绝的具体表现。苏轼之所以如此喜爱陶诗，自然不仅由于艺术上的向往，更主要的还在于心灵上的契合。第四句入题。一般的诗人至此，就容易针对《和陶》的内容褒赞开来，而诗人点到即收，忽然跳出，借陶渊明人品赞苏轼，大开大合。
“彭泽千载人，东坡百世士”说得非常郑重恳切。从开始的“子瞻”到“东坡”，“渊明”到“彭泽”，从称呼上加以变化。陶渊明见机而作，彭泽令只做一百多天就去官归隐，前人多视他为处士。而苏轼却一生都在宦海浮沉。拿陶渊明喻苏轼，从形迹看，两人截然不司，而他们不以贫富得失萦怀，任真率性而行，则是共同的。所以“出处虽不同”又一反，着一“虽”字以为转折，“风味乃相似”以“乃”字一合作结。“风味”二字含蓄不尽，由读者自去领会。
苏轼针对陶渊明写的和诗有一百零九首，风格内容多种多样。诗人却紧紧抓住“风味乃相似”这个特点，专写苏轼胸怀。言为心声，其人如此，与陶渊明相似。这是诗人以简驭繁，遗貌取神，探骊得珠之处。而八句之中上下联系数百年，至少有四次转折，这是诗人古体诗短篇的刻意求精之作。诗人崇尚“平淡而山高水深”的风格，这首诗就具有这样的特点。
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黄庭坚简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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