临江仙·烟收湘渚秋江静
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唐代]：张泌
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烟收湘渚秋江静，蕉花露位愁红。五云双鹤去无踪。几回魂断，凝望向长空。
翠竹暗留珠泪怨，闲调宝瑟波中。花鬟月鬓绿云重。古祠深殿，香冷雨和风。
临江仙·烟收湘渚秋江静译文及注释
译文
湘江无烟，一片宁静，带露的美人蕉哀泪湿红。舜帝驾鹤飞去影无踪，二妃啊，几回回魂断望长空。
翠竹上留下他们斑斑泪痕，幽怨的瑟声弹起在湘江浪中。如花似月的二妃鬓云浓重。而今在湘妃祠中灰遮尘蒙，粉销香冷，相伴苦雨凄风。
注释
临江仙：唐教坊曲，后用作词牌，为双调小令。又名《谢新恩》、《雁后归》、《画屏春》等。
湘渚：湘江的水边陆地。
蕉：美人蕉。
五云白鹤：仙人所乘的五色云彩和双双白鹤。
翠竹：翠竹上留下带怨的珠泪。这里用湘妃的故事。据《述异记》载，舜南巡，葬于苍梧，尧二女娥皇、女英泪下沾竹，竹文全成为斑。故称为“斑竹”或“湘妃竹”。
闲调：在湘江波浪中，湘灵弹起了宝瑟。调：弹奏。《楚辞·远游》：“使湘灵鼓瑟兮，令海若舞冯夷。”湘灵即湘妃，即尧之二女、舜之二妃。《楚辞·九歌》中的湘君、湘夫人就是指此。
花鬟（huán）：花如鬟，月如鬓，绿云如发，一层又一层。这是一种艺术的联想，较一般比喻更开阔自由。 绿云重：形容鬓发浓美。
古祠：指今湖南湘阴北洞庭湖畔之黄陵庙，即湘妃祠。
参考资料：
1、赵伯陶．中国历代名家流派词传：吉林人民出版社，1999：第246页
2、王丙岐 ．中国古代佞幸史（上、下）：香港天马出版有限公司，2005年6月：第104页
临江仙·烟收湘渚秋江静创作背景
词人在唐末的秋天的早晨来到湘江畔，由于映入眼帘的湘江边的景物阴冷凄凉，内外冷寂的湘妃祠中挂着二妃美丽的容貌画像，让他想起了千百年来广为流传的舜帝二妃娥皇、女英的感人故事，酿造出一股凄凉愁怨的情味，写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、王锤陵．唐宋词鉴赏：四川辞书出版社，2007-1：第58-59页
2、陈磊 / 龚祖培 ．唐五代词300首：天地出版社，2004-1-1：第244-245页
临江仙·烟收湘渚秋江静鉴赏
词从环境描写入手：“烟收湘渚秋江静，蕉花露位愁红。这两句景物搭配上，一远一近，一大一小。前句是全镜头，摄取了秋江、秋空和洲渚的画面，显示出远景的辽阔以及秋郊的寂寥。后句特写镜头，把焦点集中在蕉花上。美人蕉叶肥花大，花色深红，惹人注目。但是这一句的描写，却打上了深深的感情色彩。词人构思的艺术匠心使此带露的鲜花，带上了人具有的饮泣、愁怨的情态，从而为全词定下了凄凉愁怨的主调。不仅如此，词人何以选择蕉花而不是其他的花来描写，除了因其显眼这一点外，还隐喻的有“美人”之意。这两句，既描写了黄陵庙的环境，也暗喻了庙中女神湘妃的愁怨情怀，开篇起得很好。“翠竹暗留珠泪怨，闲调宝瑟波中”。《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘因爱而生，又因爱而死，可见世间爱是可以穿越生死路。当娥皇、女英在现实中得不到爱情时，便投湘水而死，化为“湘夫人”，鼓瑟之声，希望远去的心上人的灵魂还能够听到美妙的音乐声，借以寄托慰问、慰藉哀思。帝舜走后，二妃惟有时时弹奏瑶瑟，让美妙的音乐声荡绿波，借以寄托慰藉哀思。黄陵庙里的神女塑像栩栩如生，香冷粉消的花容月貌楚楚动人，头上梳着像花一样的环形发鬓，耳边的头发似绿云重重，二妃居于古祠殿中只有飒飒冷风濛濛苦雨与她们为伴，表达了二妃的凄怨和内容的情感。挥泪成斑，湘浦鼓瑟充满了飘渺的神话色彩，也充满了浪漫气息。“古祠深殿，香冷雨和风”又是词人惋惜二妃悲剧性的死，以景结情含有余不尽之意。【6】
舜之二妃娥皇、女英的故事以其哀婉动人，千百年来广为流传，成为文人墨客歌吟讽咏的常见题材。张此词即咏此事。词的上片“烟收”二句用环境烘托悲剧的气氛。紧接三句写二妃离京寻舜帝于水云之乡，形象动人，情意婉转。下片开头二句写出湘妃竹与湘妃鼓瑟的故事。后三句又以景结情，余韵悠长，与开头悲剧呼应。
这首词咏怀古迹，凭吊湘妃，将追怀帝舜的湘妃如怨如慕之情写得“祭神如神在”，且写了人神之共性，具有人类通常具有的优美情怀。全词以景起，以景结，中叙二妃事；娥皇、女英的形象与黄陵庙环境的阴冷气氛融为一体，情景相生，酿造出一股凄凉愁怨的情味。作品“极缥缈之思，不落凡俗”，成功地运用神话题材，创造出幽艳空灵的审美境界。
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张泌简介
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张泌，字子澄，唐末重要作家，生卒年约与韩偓(842-914)相当。
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