夜宿七盘岭
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唐代]:沈佺期
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独游千里外,高卧七盘西。
晓月临窗近,天河入户低。
芳春平仲绿,清夜子规啼。
浮客空留听,褒城闻曙鸡。
夜宿七盘岭译文及注释
译文
我独自远游在千里之外,如今在七盘山的西面高枕而卧。
拂晓的残月很近地挨着窗子,天上的银河向西低垂,仿佛要从门户中流入。
在这芬芳艳美的春天,银杏树一片翠绿,凄清的夜里,传来了子规的哀啼。
我孤身在外,无依无靠,空自留在这里听那子规的凄鸣,褒城里传来公鸡报晓之声。
注释
七盘岭:在今四川广元东北,唐时属巴州,又名五盘岭、七盘山,有石磴七盘而上,岭上有七盘关。
游:诗人对流放的婉转说法。
高卧:此处用以形容旅途的寂寞无聊。
晓月临窗近:晓,一作“山”;窗,一作“床”。
天河:银河。
平仲:银杏的别称,俗称白果。左思《吴都赋》写江南四种特产树木说:“平仲君迁,松梓古度。”旧注说:“平仲之实,其白如银。”这里即用以写南方异乡树木,兼有寄托自己清白之意。
子规:杜鹃鸟。相传是古蜀王望帝杜宇之魂化成,暮春鸣声悲哀如唤“不如归去”,古以为蜀鸟的代表,多用作离愁的寄托。
浮客:无所归宿的远行之游子。
褒城:地名,在今陕西汉中北。
参考资料:
1、彭定求 等 .全唐诗(上) .上海 :上海古籍出版社 ,1986 :243 .
2、于海娣 等 .唐诗鉴赏大全集 .北京 :中国华侨出版社 ,2010 :36 .
夜宿七盘岭创作背景
此诗是沈佺期被流放驩州(辖境相当今越南义安省南部和河静省)途中写的。沈佺期因为趋附张易之,“会张易之败,遂长流驩州”(《新唐书·列传第一百二十七》)。这首诗即作于诗人被流放途中夜宿七盘岭之时。
参考资料:
1、张义光.高卧七盘西,山水皆寄情──沈佺期《夜宿七盘岭》赏析.陕西广播电视大学学报,1999,03
2、程千帆 等 .唐诗鉴赏辞典 .上海 :上海辞书出版社 ,1983 :37-38 .
夜宿七盘岭鉴赏
(晓一作:山)
这首五律首联破题,说自己将作远游,此刻夜宿七盘岭。“独游”显出无限失意的情绪,而“高卧”则不仅点出住宿高山,更有谢安“高卧东山”的意味,表示将“独游”聊作隐游,进一步点出失意的境遇。次联即写夜宿所见的远景,生动地表现出“高卧”的情趣,月亮仿佛就在窗前,银河好像要流进房门那样低。三联是写夜宿的节物观感,纤巧地抒发了“独游”的愁思。这里,诗人望着浓绿的银杏树,听见悲啼的杜鹃声,春夜独宿异乡的愁思和惆怅,油然弥漫。末联承“子规啼”,写自己正浸沉在杜鹃悲啼声中,鸡叫了,快要上路了,这七盘岭上不寐的一夜,更加引起对关中故乡的不胜依恋。“浮客”即游子,诗人自指。谢惠连《西陵遇风献康乐》说:“凄凄留子言,眷眷浮客心。……靡靡即长路,戚戚抱遥悲。”此化用其意。“空留听”是指杜鹃催归,而自己不能归去。过“褒城”便是入蜀境,虽在七盘岭还可闻见褒城鸡鸣,但诗人已经入蜀远别关中了。
这首诗是初唐五律的名篇,格律已臻严密,但尚留发展痕迹。通首对仗,力求工巧,有齐梁余风。诗人抓住夜宿七盘岭这一题材的特点,巧妙地在“独游”、“高卧”上做文章。首联点出“独游”、“高卧”;中间两联即写“高卧”、“独游”的情趣和愁思,写景象显出“高卧”,写节物衬托“独游”;末联以“浮客”应“独游”,以“褒城”应“高卧”作结。结构完整,针迹细密。同时,它通篇对仗,铿锵协律,而文气流畅,写景抒怀,富有情趣和意境。胡应麟评价这首诗“气象冠裳,句格鸿丽”,的确是有识之言。在初唐宫廷诗坛上,沈佺期是以工诗著名的,张说曾夸奖他说:“沈三兄诗,直须还他第一!”(见刘餗《隋唐嘉话》)这未免过奖,但也可说明,沈诗确有较高的艺术技巧。这首诗也可作一例。
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白居易《
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沈佺期简介
唐代·沈佺期的简介
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沈佺期,字云卿,相州内黄人。善属文,尤长七言之作。擢进士第。长安中,累迁通事舍人,预修《三教珠英》,转考功郎给事中。坐交张易之,流驩州。稍迁台州录事参军。神龙中,召见,拜起居郎,修文馆直学士,历中书舍人,太子少詹事。开元初卒。建安后,讫江左,诗律屡变,至沈约、庾信,以音韵相婉附,属对精密,及佺期与宋之问,尤加靡丽。回忌声病,约句准篇,如锦绣成文,学者宗之,号为沈宋。语曰:苏李居前,沈宋比肩。集十卷,今编诗三卷。
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