鹧鸪天·秋后亭皋木叶稀
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南北朝]：王寂
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秋后亭皋木叶稀，霜前关塞雁南归。晓云散去山腰瘦，宿雨来时水面肥。
吾老矣，久忘机，沙鸥相对不惊飞。柳溪父老应怜我，荒却溪南旧钓矶。
鹧鸪天·秋后亭皋木叶稀译文及注释
译文
秋天到后水边平地木叶稀落，关塞的大雁在霜前向南迁徙。早上云雾消散后群山清新挺拔，宿雨来时水面徒然加宽变肥。
我已经老了，很久以前就忘却了机巧功利之心，即使与沙鸥面对面也不会惊飞它。柳溪父老想必一直在同情我多年来颠沛流离、以至很久都没有享受到垂钓溪南的怡然自得之乐的生活。
注释
亭皋（gāo）：水边的平地。亭，平。皋，水旁地。
稀：稀疏。
关塞：边疆防守之地。
雁：大雁，一种候鸟。
晓：天亮。
宿雨：昨夜下的雨。
机：机灵。
沙鸥：栖息于沙滩、沙洲上的鸥鸟。
参考资料：
1、王力．《古汉语常用字字典》（第9版）．北京：商务印书馆，2005：164、406、420、444
2、夏征农．《辞海·语词分册》．上海：上海辞书出版社，2003：1080
3、刘兰英．《中国古代文学词典·第五卷》．南宁：广西教育出版社，1989：512
4、宋协周，郭荣光．《中华古典诗词辞典》．济南：山东文艺出版社，1991：810
5、刘石．《宋词鉴赏大辞典》（彩色版）．北京：中华书局，2011：904
6、《新编古汉语常用字字典》编委会．《新编古汉语常用字字典》．长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2011
鹧鸪天·秋后亭皋木叶稀创作背景
王寂生于金，长于金。然而，金代局势始终动荡不安，这在每一位文人心中抹上浓重的阴影，隐逸就成了许多文人重复歌唱的主题，即使挫折较少的主寂也是如此。他晚年“自为寿”时曾云：“好赋归欤，收拾个、经卷药炉活计。”（《洞仙歌》）这首词更是集中地抒写了他归隐山水、忘却尘世的心愿。
参考资料：
1、陆国斌，钟振振．《历代小令词精华》．长沙：岳麓书社，1993：480
鹧鸪天·秋后亭皋木叶稀鉴赏
词的开头，点出季节“秋后”，接着选写了两个带有秋天特征的景象：“亭皋木叶稀”和“关塞雁南归”。“晓云”二句，用拟人化手法，描绘晓云散尽、宿雨来时山间之朝暮变化。一“瘦”字写出了山腰的线条，清晰又柔和；一“肥”字点出了秋雨后水面宽阔的情景。云去山瘦了，雨来水肥了，极有趣味。以上四句道出了自然界奇妙无穷的变化，用笔洗练，秤色俱佳。秋天，对于文人来说，本是一个多愁善感的季节，借秋景写凄冷之情是词人们的惯技，而这里则不然。词虽写秋风扫叶、大雁南飞，但不动声色、不露凄寒之感，在写法上似陶渊明“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”（《饮酒》）。词人直接呈现秋后物态，差不多看不到词人把景物作为自己情绪的烘托，但词人闲适、宁静的心情，以及他对大自然的赞美，却可感人。其含意与王维《山居秋暝》“随意香芳歇，王孙自可留”相近。
过片抒怀，叹自己年迈，自愿过这种恬淡、与世无争的生活已久。忘机，与李白《下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒》“我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机”中“忘机”义相同。“沙鸥”一句化用了孟浩然“离家复水宿，相伴赖沙鸥”（《夜泊宣城界》）句，但形象更具体含蓄。沙鸥与人相对，本在画中才有可能，这里沙鸥见人不惊，说明人鸥相处已久。词人飘然一身，正像广阔天地间一只孤独的沙鸥。但词并无飘泊无依的感伤，相反宕开一层，写“柳溪父老”、“溪南旧钓矶”，转而急止。这一笔，回应“久忘机”，又让读者体昧到作者人世的机巧之心确已荡然无存，寄托的是淡泊而活远的情怀，写得超然。
这首词上下片乍看好象没有直接关系，其实是横云断岭，似断实连。上片四句秋景，已淡淡地暗示了词人的心迹，即；春天的芳华消歇了，秋景也佳，我自可留在山中。这种恬静执著的情怀，暗度下片，为下片定了基调，其内容也是“天梯石栈相钩连”的。下片的中心是“久忘机”。正因为山中有无穷的景致可供欣赏，在这儿，他可以得到灵魂的休息，可以保持着一种独立的不媚世俗的人格，所以他人虽老，仍不改初衰，喜与沙鸥为伴，与“柳溪父老”为友，自甘恬淡一生。这里正是“金针暗度”手法的妙用。
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何逊《
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秦观《
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王寂简介
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南朝齐琅邪临沂人，字子玄。王僧虔子。性迅动，好文章。王融败后，宾客多归之。齐明帝建武中为秘书郎。年二十一卒。
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