代扶风主人答
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唐代]：王昌龄
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杀气凝不流，风悲日彩寒。
浮埃起四远，游子弥不欢。
依然宿扶风，沽酒聊自宽。
寸心亦未理，长铗谁能弹。
主人就我饮，对我还慨叹。
便泣数行泪，因歌行路难。
十五役边地，三四讨楼兰。
连年不解甲，积日无所餐。
将军降匈奴，国使没桑乾。
去时三十万，独自还长安。
不信沙场苦，君看刀箭瘢。
乡亲悉零落，冢墓亦摧残。
仰攀青松枝，恸绝伤心肝。
禽兽悲不去，路旁谁忍看。
幸逢休明代，寰宇静波澜。
老马思伏枥，长鸣力已殚。
少年兴运会，何事发悲端。
天子初封禅，贤良刷羽翰。
三边悉如此，否泰亦须观。
代扶风主人答译文及注释
译文
一路上到处弥漫着肃杀凄凉之气，空气好像凝固了似的，一会儿悲风四起，落日的余晖似乎被笼上了一层寒意。
四周的空气中弥漫着浮动的尘埃，这使得行走在路上的游子心情更加抑郁不乐。
于是跟往常一样，晚上依然留宿在扶风这个地方，买酒独自消遣。
没想到几杯酒下肚，心中的愁绪却更加难以排解，竟忍不住发出了“长铗归来乎”的感叹。
扶风主人走过来和我一起举杯共饮，闲聊之中流露出颇多感慨。
他忍不住流下了几行眼泪，悲慨之中竟然唱起了那令人闻而生悲的《行路难》。
扶风主人说他从十五岁就去边境当兵，曾经多次参加了讨伐异族的战争。
边境战事频繁，一年之中兵甲常备，有时作战紧张，一连几天都吃不上一顿饭。
在最后那次恶战之中，我军寡不敌众，弹尽粮绝，最后军中统帅被迫投降，朝廷派去求和的使节投河自尽。
当时一起出征的几十万人马，现在只有我自己一人活着回到了长安。
你要是不相信沙场征战的艰苦，请你看看我这满身的伤痕。
回到长安后，乡里亲朋都已四处分散，而祖上的坟墓也早已破败不堪。
面对此情此景，禁不住拉着松枝，仰天恸哭，悲痛之情撕心裂肺，草木为之含悲，风云因而变色。
如此凄惨的情景竟然时禽兽都不忍离去，路过此地的人哪还能忍心目睹这凄惨的一幕。
幸好赶上现在这样一个政治清明的时代，普天之下一片祥和安宁，四海升平，老百姓安居乐业。
自己虽然还想为国出力，但无奈已年老体衰，希望能好好休养。
你现在正赶上这样一个好的时运，为什么还这样闷闷不乐呢？
当今皇上任用贤能，励精图治，正是才智之士奋飞得志的好时机。
现在边境的情况也都是这样，将士用命，众志成城，这些都是好兆头啊！时运变迁，世事通塞需要精心地体察，你自己好好把握吧。
注释
扶风：唐代郡名，在今天的陕西省凤翔县附近。主人：是指客舍主人。
杀气：指秋天的肃杀萧条之气。日彩：指太阳的光辉。日：一本作“月”。
四远：周围。
弥：一本作“迷”。
长铗：用冯谖客孟尝君典故，见《战国策·齐策四》。
就：靠近。
叹：一本作“然”。
行路难：乐府旧题，属《杂曲歌辞》，多为叙述离别悲伤，世路艰难之意。
地：一本作“城”。
楼兰：汉代西域国名，在今新疆若羌和罗布泊一带。
桑乾：水名，在今河北西北部和山西北部。
休明：指政治清明。
寰宇：即海内，天下。
少年：指诗人。
封禅：指古代帝王到泰山筑坛祭祀天地。
刷羽翰：指贤良才智之士奋飞得志。
三边：泛指边境地区。
参考资料：
1、曹寅 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版：第326页
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第74-75页
代扶风主人答鉴赏
“主人就我饮”四句为过渡句，引出了扶风客舍的主人——一位久经沙场的老战士。
从“十五役边地”到“路旁谁忍看”是扶风主人自述其军旅生涯。这里明显化用了古诗《十五从军征》的句意：“十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：‘家中有阿谁？’‘遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。’兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。”战地归来，家园零落，满目凄凉，虽然满心酸楚，但想到“去时三十万，独自还长安”，心里还是有几分庆幸。这在行文上为下文抒写珍惜太平盛世的生活感慨作了过渡，转承显得十分自然。
“幸逢休明代”以下四句是扶风主人抒发欣逢盛世及年老体衰的感慨。
收尾六句是扶风主人对诗人的劝慰勉励之词，语重心长，感情真挚。
全诗写景叙事，有条不紊。其间颇多转折，如九九回廊，迂回曲致。老人之言语带沧桑，但终不流于伤感，感人至深。此诗从风格上看，虽有几分沉郁，但仍是盛唐气象的回响，内容和形式结合巧妙，谋篇布局颇见匠心，不失为一首优秀的边塞诗作。
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李煜《
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浣溪沙·转烛飘蓬一梦归》
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施闰章《
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泊樵舍》
王昌龄简介
唐代·王昌龄的简介
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王昌龄 (698— 756），字少伯，河东晋阳（今山西太原）人。盛唐著名边塞诗人，后人誉为“七绝圣手”。早年贫贱，困于农耕，年近不惑，始中进士。初任秘书省校书郎，又中博学宏辞，授汜水尉，因事贬岭南。与李白、高适、王维、王之涣、岑参等交厚。开元末返长安，改授江宁丞。被谤谪龙标尉。安史乱起，为刺史闾丘所杀。其诗以七绝见长，尤以登第之前赴西北边塞所作边塞诗最著，有“诗家夫子王江宁”之誉（亦有“诗家天子王江宁”的说法）。
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人事推迁可奈何，纷纷蝼蚁上南柯。功名频看匣中镜，岁月真如机上梭。
蜀魄有怀终陨血，寒鸦无力欲填河。坐深庭院浑忘倦，凉露沾衣感慨多。