晓发公安
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唐代]：杜甫
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北城击柝复欲罢，东方明星亦不迟。
邻鸡野哭如昨日，物色生态能几时。
舟楫眇然自此去，江湖远适无前期。
出门转眄已陈迹，药饵扶吾随所之。
晓发公安译文及注释
译文
城楼上梆声就要停息，柝声一停，东方的启明星就出现了，天色将要放明了。
邻舍雄鸡报晓，野外发丧或上坟的哭声，仍象往常一样，然而人和物却都是短暂的，长不了的。
眨眼间就要从此随船远去，这次出门，亦无前期，渺然不知何往。
出门离开之后，转眼之间，这里已成为过去了，即使如此，只要有孤舟可以容身，有“药饵”可以疗疾，就让它漂荡到哪儿算哪儿吧。
注释
晓发：天明时出发。晓发公安：早晨从公安登船出发。公安：唐县名，今属湖北。
击柝（tuò）：打更。柝，巡夜打更用的木梆。罢（pí）：是韵脚。
明星：即金星，又名启明星。
野哭：不是指哭于野外，而是指恸哭或号啕大哭，语出《孔子家语》：“若是哭也，其野哉。孔子恶野哭者。哭者闻之遂改之”。孔子之所以不喜欢野哭，可能是因为野哭为过度哀伤，不合中庸之道，也不合于周礼。
物色生态：物色指物，生态指人。生态：犹生计。能几时：即能有多长时间。意谓时间长不了。
眇然：高远、遥远的样子。
适：往，到。
转眄（miàn）：转眼。眄：本义是指斜着眼看。已陈迹：一切已成为一去不复返的旧事了。
药饵：药物。杜甫这年五十七岁，一身是病，故全靠药饵扶持。扶：扶持。之：走，往。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注．北京：人民文学出版社，1998：303-304
2、丁宁：《杜甫七律全注》.第206-207页
3、卢国琛．杜甫诗醇：浙江大学出版社，2006：第574页
晓发公安创作背景
此诗当作于唐代宗大历三年（768年）冬末。杜甫由公安（今属湖北）往岳阳（今属湖南）时作。题下作者原注：“数月憩息此县。”由此可知杜甫是在大历三年秋到达公安的。住了几个月之后，在这年的暮冬时节离公安赴岳阳。时年57岁。
参考资料：
1、陈增杰．唐人律诗笺注集评：浙江古籍出版社，2003：第421页
晓发公安鉴赏
首联，写闻柝见星之感。，“北城击柝”与“东方明星”，本不相属，但却有时问上的联系：“击柝”，是报更之声；“启明”，是报晓之象。“复欲罢”，言朝朝闻柝，今日之柝声又将停止，这就点明夜之已去，晓之将来。“亦不迟”，言启明现于拂晓之东方，亦与柝声同时隐没而不肯稍迟。此联感流光之易逝。
颔联，亦闻见而有感。“邻鸡野哭如昨日”，写闻时之感。既闻“邻鸡”，又闻“野哭”，人民苦难，尽在此声中。“野哭”是战争强加于人民的灾祸的反映，所谓“野哭初闻战”（《刈稻了咏怀》）。“如昨日”，足见日日如此，尤为惨痛。“物色生态能几时”，写见时之感。时值暮冬，见百物之零落，感人事之凋丧，所以发出“能几时”之叹。
此两联写晓景，点明题上“晓”字。
颈联，写题上的“发”字，也就是乘晓出发。“舟楫眇然自此去”，言乘舟而去。“去”上加“自此”，就含有一去不还之意；又加“眇然”二字，便笼上迷茫的气氛。“江湖远适无前期’’，言漂泊于江湖之止，不知何处是岸，何日底止。“江湖”之下，缀以“远适”与“无前期“，把漂泊江湖的生活扩展到无限空间与无限时间。可见这一“发”字，不是正常出发，而是不得不发，至于发往何处，亦非计划中事。也就是从此一迷惘，发向另一迷惘。
末联，写题上“公安”，即离开公安漂泊他往。“出门转眄已陈迹”，杜公晚年，处境日趋穷困，时时好作回顾。他在《大历三年春白帝城放船出瞿唐峡久居夔府将适江陵漂泊有诗凡四十韵》中曾说：“转眄拂宜都”，同时又说：“回首黎元病”。他之所以频频“转眄”‘与“回首”，是缅怀盛世、忧叹衰时的情态。“药饵捷吾随所之”，言老病漂泊的苦况，与《风疾舟中伏枕书怀三十六韵奉呈湖南亲友》绝笔诗中“转蓬忧悄悄，行药病涔涔“的境况已完全相同。“药饵扶吾”，是全赖药饵维持生命，这较“多病所须惟药物”（《江村》）的病情更为沉重。
此诗写漂泊公安时的心境，反照过去，预示未来，杜公晚景，于此写尽。
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李白《
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对雨》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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