客夜
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唐代]：杜甫
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卷帘残月影，高枕远江声。
计拙无衣食，途穷仗友生。
老妻书数纸，应悉未归情。
客夜译文及注释
译文
客居他乡何曾得以入睡？漫长的秋夜啊天总是不肯明。
映入门帘的是残月的光影，高翻枕畔的是远江的涛声。
生计笨拙弄得衣食皆无，处境艰难的我只得依赖友朋。
给老伴儿写了几纸书信，应该让她知道我未归的苦情。
注释
著（zhuó）：入睡。
明：天亮。
残月：将落之月。
高枕：高字此处作动词，指江声从高处而来。
计：谋生之计。拙（zhuō）：拙劣。
途穷：旅途困窘。仗友生：靠朋友。
悉：知悉。未归情：迟迟未归的苦衷。
参考资料：
1、张忠刚．杜甫诗集：凤凰出版社，2014：195-196
2、龚笃清．杜甫诗精选精注：广西师范大学出版社，1996：131-132
3、韩成武．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997：474
客夜创作背景
宝应元年（762）的秋天，杜甫送严武还朝，一直从成都送到绵州（今四川省绵阳县）的奉济驿。但当他正要返回成都时，成都少尹徐知道作乱，于是杜甫避走到梓州。这首诗，就是他流落在梓州时写的。
参考资料：
1、张忠刚．杜甫诗集：凤凰出版社，2014：195-196
2、龚笃清．杜甫诗精选精注：广西师范大学出版社，1996：131-132
客夜鉴赏
诗题为《客夜》而通篇不见“夜”字，但又全是客夜之景，客夜之情，读之真感有高处着笔，不落言筌之妙。全诗语言朴实，情感真擎，意境清幽，含蓄蕴籍，耐人寻味。
首联提笔入题，笼罩全篇。“何曾”“不肯”四字尤为历来评注家们所赞赏。这四字诗人在别处虽曾用过（《复愁十二首》“胡虏何曾盛，干戈不肯休”），但用在此处却显得特别精警。它形象地表现出诗人“睡不着还望睡着，天不明直望天明”（金圣叹《杜诗解》）的情态。王嗣奭赞此四字“用得精神”即是说展现了形象，传出了神采。葛立方也说：“含蓄甚佳。”（《韵语阳秋》）这里所谓的“含蓄”也正是就它表现的形象意蕴的深度而言。
颔领“入帘残月影，高枕远江声”紧承首句“客睡何曾著”而来。从文字上看，好像只写的是月影江声，秋夜之景，但实际显现的正是客愁不寐之情，不过诗人用的是衬映手法，以景寓情罢了。“高枕”是杜甫习用词语，集中凡十见，用于律诗对句共八处，其中六个高字均“死字活用”（参见施鸿保《读杜诗说》），用语法术语说即是“形容词用作动词”。梓州四周多山，江水从远处山间流来，夜静之时在枕上听之，觉其声来自比枕高之处。
月影由东窗渐移西窗，分明是后半夜的光景，故说“残月影”。月儿筛过窗帘，光影洒地，对无忧的人说来正是秋夜美景，但对今夜愁苦熬煎，竟夕不寐的诗人来说就倍增烦恼了，只好斜倚着让自己轻松自适些。殊知，那远处的江声又听得更清，扰人愁烦，何况这江声又是远江之声，更把诗人的愁绪引向“谈笑行杀戮，溅血满长衢”（《草堂》）的成都。新营的草堂，留居的妻儿，都是难堪的系念，而“家远传书目，秋来为客情”（《悲秋》）则更使情怀悲怆了。诗人不直接着墨于竟夕不寐的愁苦而以残月江声之景出之，真是“文外曲致”，含味无穷。
严武离蜀，杜甫失掉了生活上和精神上的支持者。梓州是严武领东川节度使时的旧地，那里有他的旧部、僚属，借严的关系也许可以得到一些生活资助，这次诗人去梓州除了避乱之外可能还有这个因素。从诗人这时期写的许多投寄，奉赠和参加宴饮的诗来看，不难得到证实。他几乎向当时在梓州稍占势要的人（如李梓州、杨梓州，严二别驾以及留后章彝等）都委婉地表示过冀求资助之意，但得到的不过是几次应酬宴请和临时的少数周济罢了。因而诗人不断发出“巴蜀愁谁语”（《游子》），“厌蜀交游冷”（《春日梓州登楼二首》）的孤独与绝望的悲叹。他将离梓州时写的“昔如纵壑鱼，今如丧家狗”（《将适吴楚留别章使君留后兼幕府诸公》），“三年奔走空皮骨，始信人间行路难”（《将赴成都草堂途中有作先寄严郑公五首》）等诗句，可算诗人这一时期凄惶无依生活的总写照，也是颈联“计拙无衣食，途穷仗友生”的最好注脚。从结构上看，颈联二句正是遥接首联“秋天不肯明”句而来的，它具体地倾诉出“不肯明”的烦怨之情的根由。
尾联老妻催归，使诗人更陷入了欲归不能的焦灼之中，如何回答老妻，千愁万绪，苦衷难述。杜甫在这里是说：“老妻啊，你是应当理解我不能回家苦衷的，为什么写这样几页长信催我回家呢？”诗人不在结尾处用重笔再写自己不眠的痛苦而拓开一笔写老妻应理解我不能归家的苦衷，写得含蓄，说得真切，无限酸哀涌而不吐，令人不忍卒读。从全诗结构看，这两句不但是全诗感情发抒的高潮，也是首联“何曾著”“不肯明”的归穴。层次起伏，首尾一贯，曲尽章法变幻之妙。
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柳宗元《
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游石角过小岭至长乌村》
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韩琮《
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骆谷晚望》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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白云对月
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宋代：
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张镇孙
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万山飞翠映瑶空，一抹晴霞淡复浓。
何意海风吹不断，归鸦飞带过前峰。