独觉
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唐代]：柳宗元
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觉来窗牖空，寥落雨声晓。
良游怨迟暮，末事惊纷扰。
为问经世心，古人难尽了。
独觉译文及注释
译文
一觉醒来窗外一片空濛，晨雨稀疏我不禁忧心忡忡。
长期外游嗟怨身损神销，琐事如麻一一困扰胸中。
徒有经世济民的一腔宏愿，自古至今谁不是希望落空！
注释
窗牖（yǒu 友）窗户。牖：《说文·穴部》“在墙曰牖，在屋曰窗。”
寥落：稀疏。
良游：尽兴之游。迟暮：比喻晚年、衰老。
末事：琐碎小事。末：凡物之细碎如粉者曰“末”。
经世：处理国家大事。经，治理。
尽了：全部实现。尽，悉也，备也。
独觉鉴赏
首联两句写景，写诗人清晨刚醒来时的所见所闻。第一句诉诸视觉，诗人略开睡眼，扫视窗外，路上别无行人，田野亦无农夫，枝头没有啼鸟。第二句诉诸听觉，窗外既空，故没有欢声笑语，也没有鸡鸣犬吠，只听得稀疏的晨雨淅淅沥沥，没完没了。这沉寂中的微弱之声，更反衬出苍茫大地的阒寂。孟浩然《春晓》有“春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟”之句，用鸟的争鸣来渲染户外春意闹的美好景象，让人领略无边的春意，无限的春情。柳诗的这开头两句，也是选取清晨醒来时刹那间的情感片段进行描写，通过视觉、听觉和想象，向读者透露出他的心迹，却是截然不同的另一种境界，尤其一个“空”字，显示出诗人失意不平、人生无常的深切叹喟，表露了他那不安定的灵魂深处的苦闷，及其由于生命毫无意义慢慢耗蚀而产生的无穷幽怨。这样，就十分自然地把读者引向诗人此时孤独无凭、忧愤填膺的感情轨道。
三四两句，抒发人生易老、壮志难酬的忧怨。柳宗元滞留永州十年之久，既为贬徙之客，故屡遭排挤，除了写作，未供实职。如此优游岁月，简直是赋闲。这对于素有“济世人于水火，解生民于倒悬”襟抱的政治家来说，实在是一种无情的折磨和残酷的迫害。诗人深知宇宙的永恒和生命的短暂，也深知宏图之难展和事业之艰难，所以要急于摆脱这种“良游”的困境。但到头来还是潦倒落魄，不能不倍添悲伤，未老而先衰。“迟暮”一词，叹惋时光的流逝不返和时势的难以逆转，包蕴着诗人无限哀伤。
尽管如此，然而诗人并没有遗世独立，超然物外。民事国事纷至沓来，常常困扰于心，虽有自己的真知灼见，可叹英雄无主，欲为而不能为，心中悲伤。矛盾不断地集结，不断地激烈碰撞，使诗人忧心忡忡，寝食难安，万般无奈。一“惊”一“扰”，不知谁能领略个中滋味。
从诗的感情流向来看，沉郁哀怨越积越多，滔滔直下，大有决堤之势。不过，“为问经世心，古人谁尽了”这结尾两句，语气顿时舒缓下来，诗人用自问自答以突出所要表达的意念：自宽自慰。但是，凡是忧伤的感情，如果用悲哀语气来表达，不一定能使人感到它的分量，而用与之正相反的豪迈旷达的口气说出来，却往往使人觉得非常沉重深刻。所以，这种自宽自慰，实则是自怨自愤，将全诗感情波涛推向了顶峰。
诗题《独觉》，暗含着“举世混浊而我独清，众人皆醉而我独醒”之深意。“谁尽了”的一声长叹，唤起了读者对千古英雄的荣辱进退的沉思，感悟出“是非成败，万事皆空”的真谛。多少显赫一时的英雄人物在人类历史的长廊上，只不过是急匆匆的过客。因此，柳宗元能乐天安命，与世无争，先后在永州、柳州辛勤耕耘十五载，最后终老南荒，至今还深受人们景仰。
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陆游《
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柳桥晚眺》
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孟浩然《
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陪姚使君题惠上人房》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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