千秋岁引·秋景
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宋代]:王安石
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别馆寒砧,孤城画角,一派秋声入寥廓。东归燕从海上去,南来雁向沙头落。楚台风,庾楼月,宛如昨。
无奈被些名利缚,无奈被他情担阁!可惜风流总闲却!当初漫留华表语,而今误我秦楼约。梦阑时,酒醒后,思量着。
千秋岁引·秋景译文及注释
译文
传入旅舍的捣衣声,应和着孤城城头的画角,一片秋声在广阔的天地间回荡。归去的燕子向东从海上飞走,南来的大雁自空中落下,栖息在沙滩上。这儿有楚王携宋玉游兰台时感受到的惬意的凉风,有庾亮与殷浩辈在南楼吟咏戏谑时的大好月色,清风明月的景象,还都与当年一样。
真是无可奈何啊!我被那微不足道的名利所羁缚,又被那难以割舍的感情所耽搁,可惜那些风流韵事都被丢到一边了。当初徒然许下功成身退时,要去求仙访道,潇潇度日的诺言。到如今,反误了我与佳人的秦楼约会。当睡梦觉来时、酒醉清醒后,我细细地思量着这一切。
注释
千秋岁引:词牌名,为《千秋岁》变格。八十二字,前片四仄韵,后片五仄韵。
别馆:客馆。砧(zhēn):捣衣石。这里指捣衣声。
画角:古代军中乐器。
寥廓(liáo kuò):空阔,此处指天空。
楚台风:楚襄王兰台上的风。宋玉《风赋》:“楚王游于兰台,有风飒至,王乃披襟以当之曰:‘快哉此风!’”
庾(yǔ)楼月:庾亮南楼上的月。《世说新语》:“晋庾亮在武昌,与诸佐吏殷浩之徒乘夜月共上南楼,据胡床咏谑。”
他情:暗指皇上的恩情。担阁:延误。
漫:徒然,白白地。华表语:指向皇上进谏的奏章。华表,又名诽谤木,立于殿堂前。
秦楼约:指与恋人的约会。秦楼,代指女子居住处。
梦阑(lán):梦醒。阑,残,尽。
参考资料:
1、沙灵娜 .宋词三百首全译 :贵州人民出版社 ,1990 :93-95 .
2、蔡义江 .宋词三百首全解 :上海复旦大学出版社 ,2007 :59-60 .
3、李炳勋 .宋词三百首 :中州古籍出版社 ,2001 :49-50 .
千秋岁引·秋景创作背景
此词的创作年代不详,但从词的情调来看,很可能是王安石推行新法失败、退居金陵后的晚年作品。
参考资料:
1、唐圭璋 等 .唐宋词鉴赏辞典(唐五代北宋卷) :上海辞书出版社 ,1988 :523-525 .
千秋岁引·秋景鉴赏
这首词没有《桂枝香》的豪雄慷慨,也没有《浪淘沙令》的踌躇满志。全词采用虚实相间的手法,情真心切、恻恻动人、空灵婉曲地反映了作者积极的人生中的另一面,抒发了功名误身、及时退隐的的慨叹。
上片以写景为主,像是一篇凄清哀婉的秋声赋,又像是一幅岑寂冷隽的秋光图。旅舍客馆本已令羁身异乡的客子心中抑郁,而砧上的捣衣之声表明天时渐寒,已是“寒衣处处催刀尺”的时分了。古人有秋夜捣衣、远寄边人的习俗,因而寒砧上的捣衣之声便成了离愁别恨的象征。“孤城画角”则是以城头角声来状秋声萧条。画角是古代军中的乐器,其音哀厉清越,高亢动人,诗人笔下常作为悲凉之声来描写。“孤城画角”四有很强的感染力,并留下了对空旷寥阔的异乡秋色想象空间。下面接着说:“一派秋声入寥廓”,“一派”本应修饰秋色、秋景,而借以形容秋声,正道出了秋声的悠远哀长,写出了空间的广度,“入廖廓”的“入”字更将无形的声音写活了。开头三句以极凝练的笔墨绘写秋声,而且纯然是人为的声响,并非是单纯的自然声气。下两句主要写作者目之所见。燕子东归,大雁南飞,都是秋日寻常景物,而燕子飞往那苍茫的海上,大雁落向平坦的沙洲,都寓有久别返家的寓意,自然激起了词人久客异乡、身不由己的思绪,于是很自然地过度到下面两句的忆旧。“楚台风”、“庚楼月”用典。这里以清风明月指昔日游赏之快,而于“宛如昨”三字中表明对于往日的欢情与佳景未尝一刻忘怀。
下片即景抒怀,说的是:无奈名缰利锁,缚人手脚;世情俗态,耽搁了自的生活。风流之事可惜总被抛一边。“当初”以下便从“风流”二字铺展开去,说当初与心上之人海誓山盟,密约私诺,然终于辜负红颜,未能兑现当时的期约。“华表语”用了《搜神后记》中的故事,这里的“华表语”就指“去家来归”云云。关于“秦楼”,汉东府《陌上桑》中说:“日出东南隅,照我秦氏楼。”秦氏楼即为美貌坚贞的女子罗敷的居处。李白的《忆秦娥》中说:“箫声咽,秦娥梦断秦楼月”,也以秦楼为思妇伤别之处,因而此处的“秦楼约”显系男女私约。这里王安石表面上写的是思念昔日欢会,空负情人期约,其实是借以抒发自己对政治的厌倦之情、对无羁无绊生活的留恋与向往。因而这几句可视为美人香草式的比兴,其意义远一般的怀恋旧情之名词意至此也已发挥殆尽,然末尾三句又宕开一笔作结,说梦回酒醒的时候,每每思量此情此景。梦和酒,令人浑浑噩噩,暂时忘却了心头的烦乱,然而梦终究要做完,酒也有醒时。一旦梦回酒醒,那忧思离恨是更深地噬人心胸。这里的梦和酒也不单纯是指实的梦和酒。人生本是一场大梦,《庄子·齐物论》上说只有从梦中醒来的人才知道原先是梦。而世情浑沌,众人皆醉,只有备受艰苦如屈原才自知独醒。因而,此处的“梦阑酒醒”正可视为作者历尽沧桑后的憣然反悟。
作为一代风云人物的政治家,王安石也并未摆脱旧时知识分子的矛盾心理:兼济天下与独善其身两者中间徘徊。他一面以雄才大略、执拗果断著称于史册;另一面,激烈的政治漩涡中也时时泛起激流勇退、功名误身的感慨。这首小词便是他后一方面思想的表露。无怪明代的杨慎说:“大有感慨,大有见道语。”(《词品》)杨慎对王安石政治上的评价未必得当,但以此词为表现了作者思想中与热衷政治相反的另一个侧面,却还是颇有见地的。
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王安石《
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浣溪沙·百亩中庭半是苔》
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晏几道《
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王安石简介
唐代·王安石的简介
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王安石(1021年12月18日-1086年5月21日),字介甫,号半山,谥文,封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族,北宋抚州临川人(今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人),中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家,唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石:“翰林风月三千首,吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在,后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅,词虽不多,但亦擅长,且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还。”
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德祥
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颜颜白发人,窄窄黄茅屋。田园不愿多,衣食聊自足。
狂来溪上行,长歌饮溪绿。家藏一束书,懒教儿孙读。
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复愁十二首 其三
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唐代:
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杜甫
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万国尚防寇,故园今若何。昔归相识少,早已战场多。
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城东即事
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唐代:
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章碣
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闲寻香陌凤城东,时暂开襟向远风。玉笛一声芳草外,
锦鸳双起碧流中。苑边花竹浓如绣,渭北山川淡似空。
回首汉宫烟霭里,天河金阁未央宫。