氐州第一·波落寒汀
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宋代]：周邦彦
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波落寒汀，村渡向晚，遥看数点帆小。乱叶翻鸦，惊风破雁，天角孤云缥缈。官柳萧疏，甚尚挂、微微残照？景物关情，川途换目，顿来催老。
渐解狂朋欢意少，奈犹被、丝牵情绕。座上琴心，机中锦字，觉最萦怀抱。也知人、悬望久，蔷薇谢，归来一笑。欲梦高唐，未成眠、霜空已晓。
氐州第一·波落寒汀译文及注释
译文
凄清的汀洲上，江波慢慢降落，山村的渡口，已是暮色苍茫，极目远望，只见几点帆影在水波间移动。秋风乍起，落叶纷纷，暮鸦翻飞， 凛冽的疾风吹散了征雁的队形，天边单独漂浮的云片随风飘扬。为什么杨柳已经枯悴，更有斜阳映照其上，只微微留下一点残影？眼前景物牵动心怀，水路上入眼景色不断变换，忽然觉得自己变老了。
渐渐觉得自己和那些狂放的朋友们日益衰颓，绝少欢乐，却无奈仍被相思之情所缠绕。当年的爱情，别后的情书，这些东西最能萦绕我的心。我知道，我的亲人也在长久地思念我，只等明年春天，蔷薇花谢的时候，我就回去和她团聚。想在梦中见到我的情人，但还没有睡着，含霜的夜晚已经过去，天又亮了。
注释
寒汀：秋天清寒冷落的小洲。汀．水中的小块陆地。
向晚：临晚，傍晚。
乱叶翻鸦：零乱的落叶迎风飘舞形如翻飞的鸦群。
破雁：吹散大雁的行列。
孤云缥缈：原指单独漂浮的云片随风飘扬，这里比喻贫寒或者客居的人。
萧疏：稀疏，稀少。
甚：词中用以领句．相当于“正”。
顿来：顿时。
狂朋：狂放不羁的朋友。
悬望：盼望，挂念。
霜空：秋冬的晴空。
参考资料：
1、刘石主编．宋词鉴赏大辞典：中华书局，2011.08：第497页
2、邓绍基 周秀才 侯光复主编．中国古代十大词人精品全集：大连出版社，1998年03月第1版：第283页
氐州第一·波落寒汀创作背景
此词为作者离开长安归汴京时所作，与朋友分别，要去见情人，踏上旅途前往目的地，季节是寒秋时节，水行辛苦，乘舟而陆，暂作休息，眼前一片深秋孤寂的景色，结合自己孤独一人，感觉自己已经逐渐老去，有感而发，写出了这首词。
参考资料：
1、刘石主编．宋词鉴赏大辞典：中华书局，2011.08：第497页
氐州第一·波落寒汀鉴赏
上阕写景，结拍入情。
“波落寒汀，村渡向晚，遥看数点帆小”——词人目睹之实景。前两句写近景，后一句写远景。词人乘船，在一个秋日的黄昏到达荒村野渡。词人仔细观察了秋天水落后留下的痕迹，十分细腻。笔法灵动，句式灵活，化静为动，引人人胜。
“乱叶翻鸦，惊风破雁，天角孤云缥缈”——写仰望所见之景。秋风扫落叶，惊动树上栖鸦满天乱飞，天空雁阵也被逆风吹散乱成一片。“翻”、“破”炼字，由“乱叶”、“惊风”引出，生动准确。“破”字写雁阵逆风而飞，惊风吹来，吹散了行列。“乱叶”二句，仰观所得，作对句状难写之景。“乱叶”写地上，“惊风”写天空。
“官柳萧疏，甚尚挂、微微残照”——继续写近景。与上文“乱叶”相补充，更展示出秋景之凄凉。“写秋景凄凉，如闻商音羽奏”，更着以“官柳萧疏”、“微微残照”，与村渡所构成的荒凉、凄清、黯淡的意境，对于羁旅行役之人是一种什么样的感受呢？秋声秋色，秋气肃杀，不道斜阳映柳，却道柳挂残阳，又照应“向晚”，想象奇特，出语自然奇异。更增羁旅之愁、迟暮之感。“微微”二字，体物尤工。
“景物关情，川途换目，顿来催老”——总括上阕近景、远景、天上地下之景，融会成为一个开阖自如、浑厚自然的整体境界。“关情”以后人情，透出心事；“川途”即水路。让人触景生情，“顿来催老”。正因为如此，一片萧瑟景物使词人忽然觉得变老了，油然而生迟暮之感。“顿来催老”直说破，暗含“关情”一语，激发词人岁月易逝、人生易老之感慨。
下阕写情，怀人。
“渐解狂朋欢意少。奈犹被、思牵情绕”——由上阕的写景转入怀人之抒情。“狂朋”者，狂放不羁之朋友也。“渐解”接“顿来”似一转折，乃“催老”二字之神髓，紧承前结。明写“狂朋”，实写自己，强化了主观感情色彩。“奈犹被、思牵情绕”交代了“欢意少”的原因。那么“思牵情绕”的是什么人呢？又一转折。
“座上琴心，机中锦字，觉最萦怀抱”——“座上琴心”用典。指恋人所寄来之书信，“琴心”、“锦字”为“思牵情绕”之由。怀念伊人，盼望书信，最萦绕着词人之心，完全是从词人自己这方面来写的。同时也说明只有寄来的音书才是词人最为珍贵的!
“也知人、悬望久，蔷薇谢、归来一笑”——前六个字代所思者设想。词人笔锋陡转，从对方着想来写。宕开一笔，转出新意。词人想象女子也在想念自己，“蔷薇谢”七字表达明年暮春蔷薇花谢时，就可以相逢一笑了。“也知人、悬望久”代所思之人设想。“蔷薇谢时”已望归来，“自春徂秋，足见其‘久”’，并且为“霜空”蓄势。
“欲梦高唐，未成眠、霜空已晓”——由于切盼重逢并预约来期，于是词人首先心驰神往。词中借指与女子梦中相会。然而却欲梦未成，正是此词妙处之所在。“霜空”点明时间季节，回应上阕大写秋景。
这首词抒离情或明写或暗转，叙相思或眼前或梦幻，从多方面、多角度着笔；或铺叙，或勾勒，一气呵成、一脉流转，如清·陈世煜《云韶集》所说：“写秋景凄凉，如闻商音羽奏。语极悲惋。一波三折，曲尽其妙，美成词大半皆以纡徐曲折制胜，妙于纡徐曲折中有笔力，有品骨，故能独步千古。”
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纳兰性德《
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浣溪沙·咏五更和湘真韵》
周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。
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周凯
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胎生闻说有鲨鱼，多少鲲鲕出尾闾。入腹依然容乳哺，此中空洞定何如。
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拟古 其十二
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明代：
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邝露
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长城万馀里，宫阙入浮云。飂风驱秋雁，榆黄华叶陨。
羲和无停轨，颓光惨萧辰。断尾掉泥涂，无为豢牺牲。