杳杳寒山道
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唐代]：寒山
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杳杳寒山道，落落冷涧滨。
啾啾常有鸟，寂寂更无人。
淅淅风吹面，纷纷雪积身。
朝朝不见日，岁岁不知春。
杳杳寒山道译文及注释
译文
寒山道上一片寂静幽暗，冷寂的涧边一片幽僻寥落。
这里常常有鸟儿啾啾地啼鸣，却空虚冷清罕见人烟。
风淅淅沥沥刮向我面门，雪纷纷扬扬洒落在我身上。
我身处其中天天见不到阳光，年年也不知道有春天。
注释
杳杳：幽暗状。寒山：始丰县（今浙江天台县西）天台山有寒暗二岩，寒山即寒岩，乃诗人所居。
落落：寂静冷落的样子。
淅淅：象声词，形容风声。一作“碛碛”。
杳杳寒山道创作背景
寒山是贞观（一说大历）时代的诗僧，长期住在天台山寒岩，诗就写刻在山石竹木之上，盈六百首，现存三百余首。此诗为其中一首。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：6-7
杳杳寒山道鉴赏
此诗载于《全唐诗》卷八〇六。寒山诗语言明浅如话，有鲜明的乐府民歌风，内容除用形象演说佛理之外，多描述世态人情，山水景物。诗风幽冷，别具境界。这首“杳杳寒山道”，很能代表他的风格。
诗的内容，写寒岩左近高山深壑中的景色，最后见出心情，通篇浸透了寒意。首联写山水。“杳杳”言山路深暗幽远，“落落”言涧边寂寥冷落。诗一开始就把读者带进一个冷森森的境界，顿觉寒气逼人。次联写山中幽静，用轻细的鸟鸣声反衬四周的冷寂。三联写山中气候，用风雪的凛冽写出环境的冷峻。尾联结到感受山幽林茂，不易见到阳光；心如古井，不关心春来秋去。前七句渲染环境的幽冷，后一句见出诗人超然物外的冷淡心情。
这首诗除了用景物渲染气氛、以气氛烘托心情这种传统的表现手法之外，使用叠字是它的特点。通篇句首都用叠字，是不多见的。顾炎武《日知录》说“诗用叠字最难。《国风·卫风·硕人》连用六迭字，可谓复而不厌，赜而不乱矣。”他提出了用叠字的要求复而不厌，赜而不乱。要做到这一点，关键在于变化。“杳杳”具有幽暗的色彩感；“落落”具有空旷的空间感；“啾啾”言有声；“寂寂”言无声；“淅淅”写风的动态感；“纷纷”写雪的飞舞状；“朝朝”、“岁岁”虽同指时间，又有长短的区别。八组叠字，各具情状。就词性看，这些叠字有形容词、副词、象声词、名词，也各不相同。就描摹对象看，或山或水，或鸟或人，或风或雪，或境或情，也不一样。这样就显得变化多姿，字虽重复而不会使人厌烦，繁赜而井然不乱。
使用叠字的效果，大抵像使用对偶排比一样，能获得整齐的形式美，增进感情的强度‘山这首诗中的叠字，大都带有一种幽冷寂寥的感情色彩，接连使用，使诗笼罩着一层浓烈的气氛。再如，“朝”、“岁”，单个的名词，本来不带感情色彩，但一经叠用，出现在上述特定的气氛中，就显得时间的无限延长，心情的守一、执着，也就加强了诗意，具有感情色彩了。
这首诗还由于使用叠字，增强了它的音乐美。借助于音节的复沓，和谐贯串，一气盘旋，并借助于形式上的划一，把本来分散的山水、风、雪、境、情，组织成一个整体，回环往复，连绵不断。
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度大庾岭》
寒山简介
唐代·寒山的简介
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寒山（生卒年不详），字、号均不详，唐代长安（今陕西西安）人。出身于官宦人家，多次投考不第，后出家，三十岁后隐居于浙东天台山，享年一百多岁。严振非《寒山子身世考》中更以《北史》、《隋书》等大量史料与寒山诗相印证，指出寒山乃为隋皇室后裔杨瓒之子杨温，因遭皇室内的妒忌与排挤及佛教思想影响而遁入空门，隐于天台山寒岩。这位富有神话色彩的唐代诗人，曾经一度被世人冷落，然而随着二十世纪的到来，其诗却越来越多地被世人接受并广泛流传。正如其诗所写：“有人笑我诗，我诗合典雅。不烦郑氏笺，岂用毛公解。”
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