雁荡宝冠寺
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宋代]：赵师秀
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行向石栏立，清寒不可云。
流来桥下水，半是洞中云。
欲住逢年尽，因吟过夜分。
荡阴当绝顶，一雁未曾闻。
雁荡宝冠寺译文及注释
译文
我走到了溪水边，凭倚着石栏；心中的思潮难以表达，只觉得四周阵阵清寒袭人。
那桥下哗哗流淌的泉水，多半是山洞里的白云化成。
我多想在这里住上一阵子，可又正逢一年将尽，对着这美景留恋忘返，再三吟咏，不知不觉已过了夜半时分。
山顶的小湖是如此地寂静，连栖息的大雁，也一声不吭。
注释
雁荡：山名，雁荡山主体位于浙江省温州市东北部海滨，小部在台州市温岭南境。素以独特的奇峰怪石、飞瀑流泉、古洞畸穴、雄嶂胜门和凝翠碧潭扬名海内外，被誉为“海上名山，寰中绝胜”，史称“东南第一山”。宝冠寺：雁荡山十八古刹之一。
云：说。
夜分：夜半。
荡阴：阴寒之气回荡弥漫。绝顶：最高的山顶。
一雁未曾闻：雁荡山上有雁湖岗，岗顶有湖，芦苇丛生，秋天时鸿雁常来栖宿。这句意谓天寒，雁已离去。
参考资料：
1、王永照 朱刚注．宋诗一百首．上海：上海古籍出版社，1997年：136
雁荡宝冠寺鉴赏
宝冠寺是雁荡山四大名刹之一。雁荡山以瀑布奇峰著名，这首诗打破常规，题目是题宝冠寺，重点不写雁荡的峰岩瀑布，甚至无一字写到寺庙，只是描绘环境的幽静，突出自己的心灵感受。
诗开门见山，首联就把自己置身在山寺中，写环境，抒感受。诗说自己漫步在寺内，在流水边驻足，凭倚着石栏杆，只觉得有一股说不出的清寒。清寒是人对外部气候的感受，没有什么难以表达之处，诗人说“不可云”，是因为山中寒冷，又逢岁暮，自然寒气逼人，这不是诗人唯一的感觉；更重要的是如此幽寂的环境，使诗人心中产生了另一种清寒的感受，这感受很复杂，是淡泊名利、陶洗心境、出世达观等种种感受的总和，因此不可名状，难以叙述概括，只能用“不可云”三字来代表。虽然“不可云”，但必要抒发，诗接着便巧妙地借景达意，说眼见桥下流来清寒的泉水，想到其源头，抬头观望，岩洞谽然，由此便推测流水的清寒，是因为它是石洞中的云朵所化。这样写，境的清寒与人的高洁全都予以表露了。这种表现方法，就是历来诗家所说的“不写之写”，“鸳鸯绣了从教看，莫把金针度与人”（元好问《论诗》），不明白说，让读者自己品味。也达到了司空图《诗品》含蓄的标准：“不着一字，尽得风流。语不涉己，若不堪忧。是有真宰，与之沉浮……浅深聚散，万取一收。”
三、四联仍然用前两联手法，一联抒情，一联以景蕴情。环境如此岑寂，诗人的情怀如此淡泊，境与情吻合无间，诗人就不由自主地产生了留恋忘返的心情。第三联明白说出自己的情感，在表现时先抑后扬，出句说自己想在这里住段时间，可是正逢年末，非得回家去；因为不能住下的遗憾，对句便写自己在幽阒的环境中反复吟咏，不知不觉到了半夜。这样写，又回照了上文。尾联以景色来反衬心情的淡泊。雁荡山顶有湖，四季不干，是越冬大雁栖息的所在，雁荡山即以此得名。诗写听不见一声雁鸣，是实事，同时用以突出夜深时万籁俱静的场面。诗人在这样的深夜尚不回去，他的胸怀就自然可知了。
诗的第二联“流来桥下水，半是洞中云”是众口传颂的名联。诗人通过自己的感受，由水的寒想到高处的寒，由高处又想到云与水的关系，从而把两者相联系，表现那一特定环境与特定心情，赵师秀对云水之间常常产生通感，喜欢把它们组合成一个场景，或硬把它们相互联系，如他在另一首名作《薛氏瓜庐》中写道：“野水多于地，春山半是云。”诗这联，元方回《瀛奎律髓》曾指出是参考了唐杜荀鹤的“只应松上鹤，便是洞中人”句，这是从构思的角度上来说。如果从赵师秀喜在云与水上做文章的角度上看，诗更接近于武陵《赠王隐人》“飞来南浦水，半是华山云”句。赵师秀以苦吟出名，他曾经对人说：“一篇幸止有四十字，更增一字，吾未如之何矣。”（宋刘克庄《野谷集序》）他在写这联诗时，极有可能受到杜荀鹤、于武陵诗的启发。
赵师秀曾经选贾岛、姚合诗为《二妙集》，他的这首诗的风格即近似贾岛、姚合，诗面不用典故，写景造境简易平淡，结构严谨，意境清瘦，琢磨锻炼得不露痕迹。“永嘉四灵”的诗讲究雕镌后的归真，即纯用白描手法，绘景写情，虽然气格有些局促，但在当时江西诗派踔厉诗坛的情况下，无疑是给沉闷中注入了新鲜空气。赵师秀在“四灵”中成就最高，这首诗又是他的代表作，从此可以窥见“四灵”诗风的特点。
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王贞白《
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白鹿洞二首·其二》
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钱起《
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晚春归山居题窗前竹》
赵师秀简介
唐代·赵师秀的简介
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赵师秀（1170～1219年）字紫芝，号灵秀，亦称灵芝，又号天乐。永嘉（今浙江温州）人。南宋诗人。
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