入黄溪闻猿
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唐代]：柳宗元
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溪路千里曲，哀猿何处鸣。
孤臣泪已尽，虚作断肠声。
入黄溪闻猿译文及注释
译文
黄溪的小路弯弯曲曲千里绵延，不知从哪儿传来了猿猴的哀鸣？
孤独无助的臣下早己衫湿泪尽，枉然徒劳发出凄哀断肠的悲声。
注释
黄溪：在今永州境内，水出双牌县阳明山后龙洞，流经芝山区，入祁阳县，至白水入湘江。
孤臣：孤立无援、忧心国事的臣下。
虚作：空作，徒作。
断肠声：指哀猿悲鸣。
入黄溪闻猿创作背景
这首诗作于唐宪宗元和七年（812年）。唐顺宗永贞元年（805年），柳宗元参加王叔文新政改革。宪宗即位（806年），参与永贞革新者均遭贬黜。柳宗元被贬为永州司马，写作此诗时，在永州贬所已七年之久。诗人随永州刺史赴黄溪黄龙祠祈雨，中途听到猿猴哀鸣，遂有感而作。
参考资料：
1、赵乃增编著．好风如水：唐诗赏析：吉林文史出版社，2004年01月：143
入黄溪闻猿鉴赏
这首诗首句紧承“题中意”而来，从“溪略”写起，使人开篇即进入“溪路千里曲”的山间小溪境界。开篇明义，单刀直入，省去许多闲笔。“千里”极言“溪路”之长，“曲”字极绘“溪路”之形。“千里”而又“曲”，可见“溪路”依山就势、蜿蜒曲折之态。次句点题，写“闻猿”。“哀猿何处鸣？”正是“两岸猿声啼不住”，时断时续，此起彼伏，只闻其声，不见其形。山势之陡峭，森林之莽苍，“溪路”曲折回旋，山水相连又相隔，尽在不言之中。正因为“溪路千里曲”，故不知“哀猿何处鸣”。“猿”前着一“哀”字，富于感情色彩。诗人此时，正处在寂寞、凄怆、哀怨的心境之中，由情及景，故所闻“高猿长啸，属引凄异，空谷传响，哀转久绝”。以上两句，一从视觉上写“溪路”，一从听觉上写“猿鸣”，而“千里曲”与“何处鸣”又互相映衬，“入黄溪”后的情景宛然清晰。
这样写，尚属平常，当读到三四句时，才使人品出“奇趣”来。诗承上，紧扣“闻猿”写感受。君不闻：“渔者歌曰：‘巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳。’”写的是古代渔民舟子的痛苦生活，故闻猿鸣而下泪，倍感其声凄厉。诗人理当“猿鸣三声泪滂沱”才是。然而不然，诗却说：言下之意：孤寂的我早已被贬边州，申诉无效，前途无望；泪已流干，愁肠寸断；这哀猿声声，徒自空啸，我已经没有泪可流，没有肠可断了。这看似“反常”的写法，却更深沉地道出了诗人难以言状的身世之感和“哀莫大于心死”的极度的惆怅和痛苦。
此诗头二句写景，景为情设；后二句抒情，情由景生。溶情于景，情景交融，自不必说。妙在抒情不落俗套。苏东坡曾说：“诗以奇趣为宗，反常合道为趣。”
诗人闻哀猿长啸，不写“泪沾裳”而说“泪已尽”，不写“肠欲断”而说“肠已断”，由此带出一个掷地有声的“虚”字来——“虚作断肠声”。就本应“猿鸣三声泪沾裳”的常理来说，是“反常”；就实际“孤臣泪已尽”的心境来说，又是“合道”——合乎泪尽愈苦之道。所谓“翻出新意”，所谓“奇趣”，正在这“反常合道”之中。诗人所以“自放山泽间”，原是为了借山水以遣悲怀，然而结果正如李白所说借酒浇愁一样，“抽刀断水水更流，举杯销愁愁更愁”。掩卷沉思，诗人遭遇之不幸，生活之痛苦，情思之含蓄，寄慨之深远，都包孕在这二十字之中。诗的艺术魅力正在于此。
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李商隐《
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与同年李定言曲水闲话戏作》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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