过平舆怀李子先时在并州
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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前日幽人佐吏曹，我行堤草认青袍。
心随汝水春波动，兴与并门夜月高。
世上岂无千里马，人中难得九方皋。
酒船鱼网归来是，花落故溪深一篙。
过平舆怀李子先时在并州译文及注释
译文
当年，你这个品行高洁的人出任小小的吏曹，我送你，行走在长堤上，看见碧绿的春草，想到自己也穿着青袍，位居下僚。
今天，我的心情随着汝水的春波而晃动；你的兴致，想来一定是跟随着并州城门上的月亮，渐渐升高。
哎，这世上难道会没有千里马？不，只不过是人群中找不到善于相马的九方皋。
家乡有船可载酒有网可捕鱼，还是回去吧，我们过去游玩的溪水中眼前正漂浮着落花，水深恰好一篙。
注释
平舆：故城在今河南汝南县东六十里。
李子先：黄庭坚的同乡好友，时在并州（山西太原）任小官。
并（bīng）州：为古代地名。《史记》五帝本纪中讲：“舜以冀州之北广大，分置并州。”相传禹治洪水，划分域内为九州。据《周礼》、《汉书·地理志上》记载，.并州为九州之一。其地约当今山西省太原市、大同市和河北省保定市一带地区。汉武帝时，置并州刺史部，为十三刺史部之一，约当今山西省大部，河北省及内蒙古自治区的一部分地。治所在今山西太原。ni
前日：前些日子；往日。
幽人：隐士。此指品行高洁的人。
吏曹：官署名。.东汉置，掌管选举、祠祀之事。后改为选部，魏晋以后改称吏部。泛指官吏。
青袍：汉以后贱者穿青色衣服。因指贱者之服。
汝水：源出河南嵩县，东流注入淮河。
并门：指并州。
九方皋：春秋时善于相马的人。他曾为秦穆公求得千里马。
篙（gāo）：用竹竿或杉木等制成的撑船工具。
参考资料：
1、赵山林，潘裕民 编著 ．桃李春风一杯酒——宋诗经典解读：中西书局，2009-10-1：第133-134页
过平舆怀李子先时在并州创作背景
黄庭坚在宋英宗治平四年（1067年）登进士第后，被任命为叶县（今属河南）尉。因为到官误期，受到上级官吏的谴责；县尉职位低，俸禄也少，不足以养家，心中总是闷闷不乐。这首诗是他在熙宁四年（1071年）春天，辞去叶县尉职务时所作，表达的便是得不到赏识欲归湖山的心情。
参考资料：
1、缪钺等 ．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海 ： 上海辞书出版社，1987.12（2012.7重印）：第588-589页
过平舆怀李子先时在并州鉴赏
诗一二句主客并提，以彼此远居又各不得意为“怀”字提供丰富的内容。“幽人”指李子先，他在并州作小官。“青袍”是下级官员的服装。历代文人常用青草比青袍，如庾信《哀江南赋》：“青袍如草。”杜甫诗：“汀草乱青袍。”含有不被见用的意思。这里作者说“堤草”认出自己的青袍来，不光属思奇巧，而且以草为有情物来反衬人的情怀难禁，效果极好。
三四句承首联中“各在异地”的含义，叙遥相思念之情这两句借景抒情，情景互生。作者时在平舆，地近汝水。前句写自己，后句写朋友，但同第一二句一样都用实写法。仿佛友人也在目前，诗人颇觉亲切。
五六句承首联中“各不得志”的含义，写无人理解的愤懑。这两句诗措辞自然，对仗工稳而又意在言外，显示出诗人锤炼语言的深厚功力。黄庭坚曾以此联示人，并说读这两句可以得律诗之法。《观林诗话》对这两句诗从形式上加以评论，说：“杜牧之云：‘杜若芳州翠，严光钓濑喧。’此以杜与严为人姓相对也。又有‘当时物议朱云小，后代声名白日悬’此乃以朱云对白日，皆为假对，虽以人姓名偶物，不为偏枯，反为工也。如涪翁（黄庭坚号）‘世上岂无千里马，人中难持（当为“得”）九方皋’，尤为工致。”《苕溪渔隐丛话·后集》（卷三十二）从内容上着眼加以评论，说：“鲁直（黄庭坚字）《过平舆怀李子先》诗：‘’《题徐孺子祠堂》诗：‘白屋可能无孺子，黄堂不是欠陈蕃。’二诗命意绝相似，盖叹知音者难得耳。”足见这两句诗受到人们的推重。
末二句写出全诗的主旨，劝李子先也解官归故里，与诗人同游。其中“归来”二字明言作者用心，紧接着又下一个很有分量的“是”字，但诗人犹嫌不足，同时还用水涨花落、渔船载酒构成一幅具有强烈吸引力的图画，劝归之意发挥得淋漓尽致。
黄庭坚作诗，最讲章法。《昭昧詹言》卷十二说：“山谷之妙，起无端，接无端，大笔如椽，转折如龙虎，扫弃一切，独提精要之语。每每承接处，中亘万里，不相联属，非寻常意计所及。”这首诗用“幽人佐吏”开篇，以“故溪篙深”作结，很像是无首无尾，然而横空出语，收束有力。各联之间，首联说官卑，颔联写春兴，颈联叹九方皋之罕见，尾联叙故溪之可游，每联下语也如同不知其所从来。但细味诗意，脉理仍然是清晰可辨的。因为从内容上讲，诗人和朋友之所以“心动”、“兴高”，并不仅仅是感觉到“春波”、“夜月”的缘故，更重要的是他感慨于自己“佐吏曹“、“青袍”这样的低下地位，因此也就极容易作千里马、九方皋之叹，慨叹之余，希望能退隐于酒船渔网之间，也就是顺理成章了。从结构上看，首联总提，中间两联分议，末联收拢，也分得巧妙，合得有力，既富变化，又做到了天衣无缝。
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自金陵溯流过白璧山玩月达天门寄》
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纳兰性德《
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梦江南·昏鸦尽》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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朝谒长陵同宋望之侍御作
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胡直
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长陵丹阙倚苍葱，万柏分行辇路通。山出恒宗来王气，水连瀛海扈灵宫。
瑶阶羽卫晴天外，玉殿罘罳宿雾中。却看群峰如跃马，还疑万骑猎秋风。