梦江南·昏鸦尽
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清代]:纳兰性德
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昏鸦尽,小立恨因谁?急雪乍翻香阁絮,轻风吹到胆瓶梅,心字已成灰。
梦江南·昏鸦尽译文及注释
译文
昏鸦掠过天空,远而飞去,自己却满怀着怨恨,临风独立。眼下是急雪翻飞,有如柳絮散落香阁。晚风轻轻地,吹拂着胆瓶中的寒梅。此时此刻,心字香烧成灰烬,自己的心也已冰冷。
注释
昏鸦:黄昏时分,昏暗不明的乌鸦群。
香阁,青年女子所居之内室。 胆瓶,长颈大腹,形如悬胆之花瓶。
心字:即心字香。
梦江南·昏鸦尽创作背景
据说,这首词是写在纳兰性德的表妹雪梅被选到宫里之后。他与表妹雪梅一块长大,从小青梅竹马,如今,表妹走了,走进了皇宫,当了妃子。他经常一个人在黄昏时小立,望着宫廷的方向凝神,初恋是彻底没有希望了,这辈子也别再想与表妹雪梅见一面了。
参考资料:
1、安意如.当时只道是寻常:人民文学出版社,2011
梦江南·昏鸦尽鉴赏
这首词,抒写的是黄昏独立思人的幽怨之情。题材常见,容若所取的也是寻常一个小景。但此寻常小景经他描摹,便极精美幽微。尤以结句最妙,一语双关。“心字已成灰”既是实景又有深喻,既指香已燃尽,也指独立者心如死灰。很是耐人寻味。此词一般解作闺情词,是女子在冬日黄昏思念心上人,然而,解作容若思念意中人也未尝不可。
以“尽”与“立”描摹一种状态。而“恨因谁”,则郑重地提出问题。但是,并不马上回答。而已“急雪”与“轻风”一组并列对句,展开画面。即将内在情思物景化,令其与外部景物融合为一,又将外部景物情思化,谓其“乍翻”与“吹到”。究竟有情、无情,难以分辨。然后,直至结尾,才推出答案。谓心字香与香字心,都已死去。用的是双关语,颇饶意趣。而言情如此,亦够决绝。或以为说闺中情,代女子立言,谓于冬日黄昏,思念着远游人。
这首词存在一个镜头转换,如同拍电影一样。前面两句写的是纳兰自己站立在黄昏渐渐笼罩的昏暗之下,望着渐渐飞远的昏鸦,心里充满伤感,不停地叹息。后面写的却是闺中的女子所住的香闺。这个女子是纳兰心爱的女子。纳兰把镜头对准了她的香闺,对准了香闺的一切物事:从窗外飘进来的柳絮、胆瓶、插在胆瓶内的梅花、落在书案上的梅花花瓣、已经燃完的心字香的灰烬。
银笙声声衬着天涯游子的心香飘摇,归乡之念绵延却始终杳杳。某日醒来惊觉流光已把人抛闪。流光无情比起自觉心如死灰,更叫人心下惘然。
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纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德(1655-1685),满洲人,字容若,号楞伽山人,清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉,在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期,其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王,却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景,加之个人的超逸才华,使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇?等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。”富于意境,是其众多代表作之一。
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