过沈居士山居哭之
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唐代]：王维
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杨朱来此哭，桑扈返于真。
独自成千古，依然旧四邻。
闲檐喧鸟鹊，故榻满埃尘。
曙月孤莺啭，空山五柳春。
野花愁对客，泉水咽迎人。
善卷明时隐，黔娄在日贫。
逝川嗟尔命，丘井叹吾身。
前后徒言隔，相悲讵几晨。
过沈居士山居哭之译文及注释
译文
我来到此地吊念故友，故友就好像真的活着一样。
故友是一个千古不朽的人，依然活在周围邻居的心里面。
悠闲地喜鹊在屋檐喧闹着，故居的屋子落满尘埃。
夕阳余辉和黄莺的叫声倍显孤单，春天到了，山里面只剩下故友的空室。
漫山遍野的花朵满脸的愁容，泉水哽咽着迎接来往的客人。
沈居士如善卷、黔娄那样贤能而安贫。
逝去的流水和枯萎的死井感慨着故友的生命。
我们相隔的时间也不多，相悲的时间过不了几天。
注释
沈居士：信佛而在家修行者称居士，此沈居士应为王维友人。
千古：千古不朽，对死者的悼祝之词。
雀：全诗原作“鹊”。
五柳：此指沈之山居。
善卷：古之贤士。相传舜尝以天下让卷，卷不受而去，入深山，莫知其终。
逝川：逝去的流水。
言隔：言语隔绝。讵（jù）：岂也。
参考资料：
1、陶文鹏注评．王维孟浩然诗选评：三秦出版社，2004年07月第1版：第142页
过沈居士山居哭之创作背景
这首诗具体创作年代不详。王维是个重友情的人。他的一个鄙视功名富贵、终生隐居的友人沈居士死了，他特地前往友人的山居哀悼祭奠。看到沈居士旧居的凄凉落寞景象，心生怀念悲悼之情，于是写下这首诗作。
参考资料：
1、邓绍基 周秀才 侯光复主编．中国古代十大诗人精品全集 王维：大连出版社，1997年01月第1版：第159页
2、陶文鹏注评．王维孟浩然诗选评：三秦出版社，2004年07月第1版：第142页
过沈居士山居哭之鉴赏
这首诗的起四句写前来吊唁，斯人已逝，而周围环境依旧。中八句写吊唁当日所见，一切景物无不涂上悲悼之情，且以古贤比喻死者，写景写人皆以极浓郁的主观色彩出之，表现了真挚深厚的友情，此为本诗根本特色。末四句感叹，以逝者比死者，以丘井自比，竞恨不得以身相随，因悼念之深而不觉出此重语，将诗人对沈居士亡故之悲痛推向更高一层。
这首诗全篇以哀哭的调子写出，句句都渗透着诗人悲伤的泪水。诗人用了一连串典故，把沈居士比喻为桑扈、陶渊明、善卷、黔娄，颂扬他安贫乐道的隐逸高风。诗的起头和结尾各用四句直抒胸臆，倾吐对友人辞世的怀念、悲伤、哀哭，又避免了长篇排律容易造成的板滞。中间四联，前三联都是借景物抒悲情。“闲檐”、“故榻”一联写主人去后山居的寂寞荒凉；“曙月”、“空山”一联以春天美景反衬悲情；“野花”、“泉水”一联移情于景，将景物拟人化：因为山居主人逝去，就连野花也对客哀愁，泉水亦呜咽迎人。写景手法有别，但悲情同在景中，而且一联比一联强烈。总之，诗人以一掬精诚、满怀酸辛与亡友之魂灵相感通，令人读之凄然。
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王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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