碧瓦
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宋代]：范成大
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碧瓦楼头绣幙遮，赤栏桥外绿溪斜。
无风杨柳漫天絮，不雨棠梨满地花。
碧瓦译文及注释
译文
碧瓦楼头，锦绣的帘幕高高垂挂，小红桥外，绿色的小溪弯弯横斜。
即便风停，轻柔的柳絮仍满天飞舞，虽然无雨，地上已洒满细小的梨花。
注释
碧瓦：绿色的琉璃瓦。绣幕：彩绣的帷帐。遮（zhā）：楂，起韵。
赤栏：红栏杆。
棠梨：又名白棠，蔷薇科。落叶亚乔木。
碧瓦创作背景
这首诗具体创作年代不详。诗人看到秀美的田园风光和赤拦桥内侯门如海的贵族庭院，一派温馨承平的气象。他想到朝廷倾覆，山河飘摇，南宋王朝只落得在一隅半壁的残山剩水中苟且偷安。诗人深感沉重的痛楚和不尽的感慨，于是写下这首诗表达自己忧国意识。
参考资料：
1、缪钺，霍松林，周振甫，吴调公，曾枣庄，葛晓音，陈伯海，赵昌平，莫砺锋，刘永翔等撰写．宋诗鉴赏辞典 新1版：上海辞书出版社，2015.07：第1085页
2、霍松林主编．历代绝句精华鉴赏辞典：陕西人民出版社，1993.05：第1117页
碧瓦鉴赏
这是一首通篇写景的七绝。乍看起来，是一首绝妙的春日即景小诗。作者笔下绚丽的暮春景色，犹如一幅色彩斑斓、富有生趣的图画。近景，富丽堂皇的碧瓦楼前垂挂着锦绣的帷幕；远景，浓墨重彩的朱栏桥外，横斜着一泓清溪。在这无风无雨、气朗天清的春日里，桥下，绿水淙淙；空中，柳絮飞舞；地上，梨花铺雪。整个画面层次分明，有动有静，有声有色；花香水气仿佛从画中溢出，给人以身历其境之感。读者可以从诗人描绘的优美图画中，享受到赏心悦目的自然之美。
这首诗难道仅仅是描写自然风光。从“碧瓦”这个别开生面的题目，我们可以窥视到作者的深意和奥妙。雕梁画栋的琉璃瓦楼房，不是富丽豪华的苑囿，就是王侯将相的宅邸。再联系诗中的绣幕、赤栏桥和附近大片的柳林梨园，南宋小朝廷偏安半壁河山，在西湖歌舞升平，恰似燕雀筑巢于幕上，不知祸之将至。这首诗描写的焦点。诗以“碧瓦”为题，意在导引读者由此去寻求题旨。
首句“碧瓦楼”外观华丽、美轮美奂，却不知道楼里的人在做什么，被绣幕遮住了，人们看不见。诗人之所以不描摹幕后的情景，用心就在于让读者去想象：偏安一隅的王朝显贵，上至天子、下至宠臣，此刻都沉醉在一片笙歌酒色之中，中原的万里疆土，换来了他们的碧瓦楼。绣幕遮住的里面，肯定是一幅醉生梦死的寻欢作乐图。朝廷如此腐败，国事也不值得一问。
诗的下联看似风花雪月的景语，实为感情至深的情语。现在是无风无雨、气朗天清、柳絮飞天、梨花铺地，但若一番风雨后，匆匆春归去，又是一种什么情景呢。借辛弃疾《永遇乐》词“舞榭歌台，风流总被、雨打风吹去”，是不能长久的。诗人这里描绘的是一幅坠绿残红、飞絮飘雪、落花流水之景，以此暗喻南宋小朝廷偏安局面的岌岌可危，意境与辛词相似，但笔调却更为凄婉。
这首诗画外有音，意寓言外。读者如深一层去体会，便能领悟到言此意彼的艺术魅力。
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乔吉《
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范成大简介
唐代·范成大的简介
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范成大（1126-1193），字致能，号称石湖居士。汉族，平江吴县（今江苏苏州）人。南宋诗人。谥文穆。从江西派入手，后学习中、晚唐诗，继承了白居易、王建、张籍等诗人新乐府的现实主义精神，终于自成一家。风格平易浅显、清新妩媚。诗题材广泛，以反映农村社会生活内容的作品成就最高。他与杨万里、陆游、尤袤合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”。
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