湘中作
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唐代]：张九龄
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湘流绕南岳，绝目转青青。
怀禄未能已，瞻途屡所经。
烟屿宜春望，林猿莫夜听。
永路日多绪，孤舟天复冥。
浮没从此去，嗟嗟劳我形。
湘中作译文及注释
译文
湘水环绕着南岳衡山，极目远望，但见一片青色。
身膺公务，不可歇息，举目两岸景色，都那么熟悉，这是我多次路过的地方。
烟水弥漫的岛屿，尤适宜春季眺望；林中猿啸，千万别在夜间倾听。
在这漫漫长路，我的思绪交缠；纵一叶扁舟，行在冥冥夜色之中。
从此浮沉而去了，真可叹啊！我竟如此劳碌奔波。
注释
湘流：指湘水。南岳：即衡山，五岳之一，在湖南省衡山县西。
绝目：极目，极尽目之所至。
禄：禄位。已：止。这句意思是，诗人对于禄位的怀念，尚未停止。
屿（yǔ）：河中小洲。衡山附近湘江中有观湘州、鳌洲等小屿。
猿：猴子。
永路：长远的道路。绪：愁绪。
冥：昏黑。
浮没：飘浮汩没。谓仕途顺畅或不顺畅。
嗟（jiē）嗟：叹词，表示感慨。劳我形：劳累我的身体。
参考资料：
1、周寅宾选注责任编辑：陈仿粦．《南岳诗选》：湖南人民出版社，1982年05月第1版：第13页
2、周蒙，冯宇主编．《全唐诗广选新注集评 2》：辽宁人民出版社，1994.08：第48页
3、罗韬．《张九龄诗文选》：广东人民出版社，1994年10月第1版：第179-180页
湘中作创作背景
该诗是一首纪行诗，是诗人张九龄于开元十九年（731）春，奉召由桂州任上赴京任秘书少监时途中所作。
参考资料：
1、中国人民政治协商会议广东省韶关市委员会文史委员会．《韶关文史资料 第12辑》：中国人民政治协商会议广东省韶关市委员会文史委员会，1988年08月第1版：第172页
湘中作鉴赏
该诗着重抒写诗人赴湘水途中的感受。首句说：“湘流绕南岳”，展示出一幅气势壮阔的山水图画，同时在写景中暗寓行旅的路线。该句虽不事刻画，但着一“绕”字便可使人想见山形的曲折、水流的婉蜒。次句承上写舟行所见，极目望去，进入视野的都是青青的山色。一个“转”字颇值得玩味，它既与“绕”字呼应，传达出舟绕山而行的逼真感受，而且隐约透露出诗人的内心情绪。因为青青山色固然令人赏心悦目，但如果一路行来，转过一山又是一山，眼前唯见青山白水，久而久之，自不免觉得单调乏味，更何况从下文可知诗人此行并非为着游山玩水，所以开头两句虽只是写景叙事，已为全诗奠定了倦游的基调。
是该诗的主旨，全诗的写景抒情都从这两句生发。上句揭示了行旅“未能已”的原因乃在于“怀禄”，具体到该首诗不过是作官的一种委婉的说法，从中可见诗人身不由己、无可奈何的处境。下句接着说因“屡所终”之故，旅途的自然山水在他的眼里统统失去了新鲜感和吸引力。这两句诗语调低沉，其中不仅流露出诗人的羁旅之感、飘泊之叹，还有诗人对宦游生涯的厌倦。
正因为诗人怀着这样一种心情并且移情于物，所以湘江上的一切景物便都蒙上了一层凄清黯淡的色彩。“烟屿”以下四句所展示的就是这样一幅处处渗透着诗人主观感情的图景。五、六两句，一从视觉着笔，一从听觉入手，传达出旅人白天、夜晚的不同感受，运笔极为简练。“烟屿”本是美景，惜乎只“宜春望”，言外之意是眼下却不能给人带来审美愉悦；猿啼本自凄哀，在万籁俱寂的夜里，格外显得凄厉，使人伤情。这两句一“宜”一“莫”，正反成对，使诗意跌宕不平。接着两句继续写旅途情景，但变换了一种角度。江水迢迢，长途漫漫，一叶孤舟从日出到日落，从黄昏到夜晚，日复一日，简直不知何日是归期、何处是尽头！如果说上两句侧重抒发的是诗人凄凉感伤的情怀，那么这两句更多地带有孤寂苦闷的意味。
以上八句层层蓄势，结末的抒慨虽语气直露却情真意切、水到渠成。“浮没”一词，语意双关，既指行舟的随波逐流，也喻宦海的沉浮，“浮没从此去”一句似乎很旷达，但紧接着便是一声嗟叹：“嗟嗟劳我形。”并在此沉重的叹息中收束全诗。
该诗将山水同行旅结合起来写，却又不同于一般的山水行旅诗。它没有对沿途风光多作刻画，而主要用赋的手法抒写行旅感受，即或写到景物，也是为这一主旨服务。联系诗人的际遇，不难理解，这行旅中的种种感受，正是他屡遭迁谪的经历和他厌仕途的心结在诗中的折射。诗人将它们不露痕迹而又富于启示地融进长途跋涉的体验中，从而创造出既真实动人又含蓄蕴藉的独特意境。
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张九龄简介
唐代·张九龄的简介
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张九龄(678-740) : 唐开元尚书丞相，诗人。字子寿，一名博物，汉族，韶州曲江（今广东韶关市）人。长安年间进士。官至中书侍郎同中书门下平章事。后罢相，为荆州长史。诗风清淡。有《曲江集》。他是一位有胆识、有远见的著名政治家、文学家、诗人、名相。他忠耿尽职，秉公守则，直言敢谏，选贤任能，不徇私枉法，不趋炎附势，敢与恶势力作斗争，为“开元之治”作出了积极贡献。他的五言古诗，以素练质朴的语言，寄托深远的人生慨望，对扫除唐初所沿习的六朝绮靡诗风，贡献尤大。誉为“岭南第一人”。
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