浣溪沙·天末同云黯四垂
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清代]：王国维
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天末彤云黯四垂，失行孤雁逆风飞。江湖寥落尔安归？
陌上挟丸公子笑，闺中调醯丽人嬉。今宵欢宴胜平时。
浣溪沙·天末同云黯四垂译文及注释
译文
天色渐渐暗了下来，掉队的孤雁正迎风飞翔。已经没有适合休息的栖息地了。
田野中的射手看着被猎杀正在下落的大雁，家中的妻子正在忙碌着烹调。看来今天的晚饭多了一道美味的大雁肉了。
注释
①浣溪沙：唐代教坊曲名，后用为词牌。分平仄两体，字数以四十二字居多，还有四十四字和四十六字两种。
②天末：天边。同云：雪云。黯四垂：雪云向四面布散。
③失行：离群。
④寥落：冷静。尔：指雁。安归：归向何处。
⑤陌上：路上。金丸指弹丸。落羽：受伤坠地的鸟。
⑥闺中：内室。素手：女子洁白的手。调醯(xī)：调和作料，醯指醋。
⑦宵：作“朝”。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹.王国维词新释辑评[M].北京:中国书店出版社,2006:102-107
2、王传胪.王国维与人间词[J].四川:四川大学学报,2002:102(4)
浣溪沙·天末同云黯四垂创作背景
此词写于1905年秋，海宁。当时整个社会处于变革之中，而王国维依然对旧社会的清王朝抱有幻想，感觉到自己被当时的社会所孤立了。
参考资料：
1、王传胪.王国维与人间词[J].四川:四川大学学报,2002:102(4).
浣溪沙·天末同云黯四垂鉴赏
国维写词刻意求新，这首词可以说是一篇代表之作。它的新意主要表现在两个方面，一是在词中写出了诗的格调和意境，二是在咏雁的旧题材中写出了前人没有写过的新内容。
古代的咏雁词，像张炎的《解连环》、元好问的《摸鱼儿》，也借对孤雁的伤感暗寓亡国之痛，但他们抒发主要是个人的悲哀，或者说至多是由个人遭遇引起的对国家的悲哀，而王国维这首词不同，它是一种沉甸甸的社会历史感，有一种生存竞争带来的血腥气味。可以说是一种洞察人类社会的眼光及由此而生的恻隐之心。这种哲人式的悲哀是王国维诗词中所特有的，在这首词中表现的尤为突出。
“天末同云黯四垂”预示首大雪将临的同时云彩已经在天边密布，天色渐渐暗了下来。这是环境渲染，给人一种灾难将临的暗示。“失行孤雁逆风飞”又在说一个生灵不屈不顾风雪将至的危险仍独自在空中飞翔。仅此两句，已不同于前人常写的那些传书的雁或惊弦的雁。作为喻体的雁，逆风而飞目的是要寻找一个可以栖息的地方躲避即将到来的风雪。然而“江湖寥落尔安归”又在说严寒的冬天，江湖中已经没有适合雁子栖息的芦塘。
接着王国维在下半阕一转，没有接着写那些沉甸甸的东西，而是忽然变换了观察角度。“陌上金丸看落羽，闺中素手试调醯”一改上半阕的紧张、寒冷的气氛而变为轻松、温馨。这两句是对仗，上一句写射雁者的技艺和风采，下一句写殷勤体贴的妻子。当我们想到这血淋淋的“落羽”和“欢宴”中的佳肴正是那倔强的孤雁时，所有的轻松和温馨就全变成了沉重和寒冷了。但作者还嫌不够，又加了一句“今宵欢宴胜平时”。
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张九龄《
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湘中作》
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柳永《
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鹧鸪天·吹破残烟入夜风》
王国维简介
唐代·王国维的简介
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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