东屯北崦
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唐代]：杜甫
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盗贼浮生困，诛求异俗贫。
空村惟见鸟，落日未逢人。
步壑风吹面，看松露滴身。
远山回白首，战地有黄尘。
东屯北崦译文及注释
译文
因盗贼作乱致使民生困顿，因官府盘剥致使百姓坠入贫穷。
空荡荡的村子里只能看见飞鸟，惨淡的落日下空无一人。
走在山谷中凄凉的风扑面而来，注目松林时冷露滴湿了衣襟。
从这遥远的北山回头遥望，依稀可见弥漫战地的滚滚黄尘。
注释
北崦（yān）：是指东屯北面的山。
盗贼：措一切叛唐作乱的人，如拥兵叛乱的安禄山、史思明，以及四川的崔旰，侵扰内地的吐蕃。
浮生：言人生世间一切无定，如浮在水上一样，这里指长期漂泊的作者自己。
诛求：指官府盘剥。
异俗：风俗特殊，指当地百姓。夔州百姓有些特别的风俗习惯，作者感受较突出，所以诗中屡用“异俗”、“殊俗”字样。
步壑：在山谷中行走。
远山：指极远的地方。
参考资料：
1、山东大学中文系 古典文学教研室选注．杜甫诗选：人民文学出版社，1980年08月北京第1版：第315页—第316页
2、韩成武、张志民．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997年10月第一版：1090
东屯北崦创作背景
这首诗作于唐代宗大历二年（公元767年）秋，杜甫迁居这里。他把东屯看作桃花源式的避乱之地了。可是诗人忧国忧民的情怀，决不会满足于一己的温饱，而是时刻想到多灾难的人民。当诗人在东屯北崦看到空无一人的荒村时，他遏制不住自己的愤怒，写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、陶道恕主编．《杜甫诗歌赏析集》：巴蜀书社，1993.10：第517页—第519页
东屯北崦鉴赏
首联，诗人就痛斥这帮“盗贼”，竟把可怜的百姓弄得如此贫困。他们一味“诛求”，使这小小的山村空无一人。“盗贼”一词，在杜集中出现近百处，一般都指安史叛军，寇掠中原的外族将士，各地贪官污吏等。这里显然是指蜀中贪官恶吏。正是这批家伙，比形形色色的老虎更凶狠，逼得百姓逃亡。“浮生”，指多灾多难的百姓，他们到处逃亡，就像那些飘浮水面，不能扎根的浮萍。“浮生”本《庄子》里的词，意思是人生世上虚浮无定，故说人之生世日“浮生”。杜甫借指被搜刮得一无所有，到处逃亡的百姓，很形象。“诛求”指盗贼们对百姓的残酷搜掠。“异俗”，指东屯山民们的特殊生活习俗。由于太穷，他们的贫困生活方式，杜甫从未见过。
颔联、颈联描写北崦荒凉景色：夕阳照着“空”荡荡的“村”舍，“唯见鸟”飞，“未逢人”影。诗人信步走来，观察了很久。北崦一带，确实是个无人村。江峡潮湿多露，野风迎面吹露水滴在身上，使诗人思索得很深很远。
末联，杜甫浮想联翩：远山回首，遥望“战地”，惟见黄尘滚滚。诗人从东屯北崦看到了普天下受战伐之苦的百姓，他们都生活于水深火热之中。
这首五律构思颇奇，首联直抒胸臆，痛责盗贼的诛求，中间四句写景，末句在诗意上是承接首联，却与上四句自然衔接。转折翻腾，极具艺术和魅力。
这首五律诗格也特殊。全诗八句，每联皆对，却使人不觉。“盗贼”与“诛求”对，。“浮生”与异俗”对，“困”与“贫”对，仿佛形成两种对抗力量，使人触目惊心。中间二联把空树无人景状，写得真实极了。末联远山回首，战地黄尘，亦对得工整。
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杜甫《
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阆山歌》
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曹操《
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土不同》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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