土不同
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两汉]：曹操
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乡土不同，河朔隆冬。
流澌浮漂，舟船行难。
锥不入地，蘴藾深奥。
水竭不流，冰坚可蹈。
士隐者贫，勇侠轻非。
心常叹怨，戚戚多悲。
幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。
土不同译文及注释
译文
这里的乡土与黄河以南的土地有很大不同。
到了深冬，河里漂浮着冰块，舟船难以前行；
地被冻得用锥子都扎不进去，田地荒芜长满干枯厚密的蔓菁和蒿草。
河水冻结不流动，上面由坚硬的冰覆盖，人都可以行走。
有识之士穷困潦倒，而好勇斗狠的人却不在乎随意犯法。
我为此叹息怨恨，心中充满了悲伤和忧愁。
真是幸运极了，用歌唱来表达自己的思想感情吧。
注释
河朔（shuò）：古代泛指黄河以北的地区。
流澌（sī）：江河解冻时流动的冰块。
蘴（fēng）：古同“葑”，芜菁。
藾（lài）：蒿类植物。
蹈（dǎo）：踩。
戚戚（qī）：忧愁，悲哀。
参考资料：
1、余冠英．三曹诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1979（第二版）：10-14
2、张可礼 宿美丽 编选．曹操曹丕曹植集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：12-19
土不同鉴赏
《土不同》一作《河朔寒》，写的是黄河以北地区冬天的严寒景况与民风特点。诗人北伐乌桓之后，回到冀州，发现这里的乡土与黄河以南的土地有很大不同。开头说严寒景况：到了深冬，河里漂浮着冰块，舟船难以前行；地被冻得用锥子都扎不进去，田地荒芜长满干枯厚密的蔓菁和蒿草。河水冻结不流动，上面由坚硬的冰覆盖，人都可以行走。至于民风特点，集中于因忧贫而“勇侠轻非”。有识之士穷困潦倒，而好勇斗狠的人却不在乎随意犯法。这种不良民风触动了诗人，诗人为此叹息怨恨，最后忍不住唱出了“心常叹怨，戚戚多悲”两句，直接抒发了心中常存的哀怨和蓄积的悲伤。全诗描写了河北由于袁绍的统治导致的民生凋敝，社会秩序不安定的现状。
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杜甫《
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东屯北崦》
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曹操《
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土不同》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操（155年－220年正月庚子），字孟德，一名吉利，小字阿瞒，沛国谯（今安徽亳州）人，汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者，其子曹丕称帝后，追尊为武皇帝，庙号太祖。曹操精兵法，善诗歌，抒发自己的政治抱负，并反映汉末人民的苦难生活，气魄雄伟，慷慨悲凉；散文亦清峻整洁，开启并繁荣了建安文学，给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富，史称建安风骨，鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法，尤工章草，唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。
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