新雁过妆楼·梦醒芙蓉
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宋代]：吴文英
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梦醒芙蓉。风檐近、浑疑佩玉丁东。翠微流水，都是惜别行踪。宋玉秋花相比瘦，赋情更苦似秋浓。小黄昏，绀云暮合，不见征鸿。
宜城当时放客，认燕泥旧迹，返照楼空。夜阑心事，灯外败壁哀蛩。江寒夜枫怨落，怕流作题情肠断红。行云远，料澹蛾人在，秋香月中。
新雁过妆楼·梦醒芙蓉译文及注释
译文
从睡梦中醒来，看到盛开的芙蓉花。屋檐的近处，风铃声使人以为是美人的佩玉叮咚之声。自与所爱之人别过后，山流水，仿佛都存有她的影子。宋玉悲秋，大概与秋花一样消瘦。黄昏时，天青色的云彩聚集起来，而征鸿却始终没有出现。
唐朝柳浑当年因自己年老而让爱妾琴客另他人，燕子楼的旧迹尚可辨认，夕阳照着人已离去之空楼。夜深了，怀念爱人的心思更甚，灯外的破墙有蟋蟀在哀鸣。夜里江冷，枫叶不愿被风吹被有情人在叶上题诗随水漂流而去。去妾已远，料想那淡扫娥眉的美人正在清寒而明亮的秋月月光的照射之下。
注释
新雁过妆楼：词牌名。一名“雁过妆楼”。双调，九十九字，上片九句五平韵，下片十句四平韵。
芙蓉：指帐幔。
浑：简直，几乎。
丁东：象声词。多用来形容漏声，玉佩声等，也作“丁冬”。
秋：一本作“春”。
绀（gàn）：蓝色系中的一种颜色，带有紫色的深蓝色。
征鸿：远飞的大雁。
宜城放客：唐代顾况有《宜城放琴客歌》。琴客为柳浑侍儿。宜城：借唐朝柳浑以自指。客：借琴客以指姬。
燕泥：燕子筑巢所衔的泥土。
夜阑：夜残，夜将尽时。
外：一本作“前”。哀：一本作“寒”，一本作“残”。
秋香月中：一本作“秋月香中”。
参考资料：
1、史杰鹏编著. 宋词三百首正宗[M]. 北京：华夏出版社, 2014.03.第371-372页
2、马兴荣，刘乃昌，刘继才主编. 全宋词 广选·新注·集评 4[M]. 沈阳：辽宁人民出版社, 1997.07.第785页
新雁过妆楼·梦醒芙蓉创作背景
吴文英一生未第，游幕终身。他曾为江南东路提举常平司幕宾，在苏州流连十二年，此段时间他倘佯于六桥烟柳，多有姬妾存情。此篇即为忆苏州去妾之作。此妾在夏秋之际去世，所以每当秋季作者就不免思念她。
参考资料：
1、王学泰著. 清词丽句细评量[M]. 北京：东方出版社, 2015.07.第463页
2、夏承焘著. 宋词鉴赏辞典 下[M]. 上海辞典书出版社, 2013.08.第1879-1881页
新雁过妆楼·梦醒芙蓉鉴赏
此词是作者怀念苏州去姬的词。
“梦醒芙蓉。风檐近、浑疑佩玉丁东”二韵，从盼望去姬归来兴起。芙蓉帐中梦醒，听到房檐风声，还疑似去姬衣带上玉佩丁东作响。
“翠微流水，都是惜别行踪”一韵，见景思人，写惜别之情。门前的青山绿水，都引发对去姬行踪的怀恋之情。“都是”二字，形容思念之深，映入眼帘的一切景象，都能勾起对爱姬的惜别之情。这里可能就他们分手之处，当时离别的行踪，念念不忘。
“宋玉秋花相比瘦，赋情更苦似秋浓”一韵，写相思之苦。宋玉有悲秋之赋，今日“我”的痛苦，比宋玉悲秋更苦，这是更进一层的写法。衬出对去姬怀恋的苦衷。作者喜用“瘦”字，如：“泪鸿怨角，空教人瘦”（《瑞龙吟》）；“玉痕消，似梅花，更清瘦”（《夜游宫》）；“诗清月瘦昏黄”（《高阳台》）。这大概受李清照名句“人比黄花瘦”（《醉花阴》）、“绿肥红瘦”（《如梦令》）的影响。
“小黄昏，绀云暮合，不见征鸿”一韵，写时间转瞬已是黄昏日落，但仍不见鸿雁传书。
词的上片，从梦醒至黄昏，终日思念去妾，依依惜别、望归之情，渗透纸上。
“宜城当时放客，认燕泥旧迹，返照楼空”一韵，承上回溯爱妾初去之时，如今燕泥旧迹犹存，但已人去楼空了。一个“认”字，写出对去妾的念念不忘。“返照”与上片“黄昏”相应。此韵用顾况《宜城放琴客歌》典故，隐示作者苏州去妾之事。
“夜阑心事，灯外败壁哀蛩”一韵写今情。夜深人静，心事重重，室外破墙根下，蟋蟀哀鸣。一个“哀”字，反衬心事的哀苦。以景衬情，情景交融。
“江寒夜枫怨落，怕流作，题情肠断红”一韵，承上进一步写“夜阑心事”。由秋枫叶落联想到红叶题诗故事。这是唐代盛传的良缘巧合的传说。唐宣宗时，舍人卢渥偶从御沟中拾到一片红叶，上面题有绝句一首，他就收藏在箱子里。后来宣宗放宫女嫁人，卢渥前往择配，恰巧选中题诗者，婚后，宫女在箱中发现红叶，卢渥方知题诗者就是他的妻子。（见范摅《云溪议》卷十）这个典故本极平常，作者用一“怕”字，反其意而用之，完全融入个人爱情悲剧。“怨落”与“肠断”都是作者的心理反映。这里见出活用典故的方法。
“行云远，料淡蛾人在，秋香月中”一韵，写去姬远在月中。这里连用“行云”、“淡蛾”，暗喻去姬，引发读者联想美女的形象。人在月中，可望而不可即，一个“远”字，写出作者相思的怅惘之情。
词的下片重点描绘作者的“夜阑心事”，“哀蛩”、“怨落”，把昆虫、植物拟人化，又活用红叶题诗典故，都反射出作者对去姬思念之深，怀恋之切。
这首词描绘作者终日思念去姬的心绪，在艺术手法上有两点较为突出。
一是见景生情：清晨梦醒，听风声、水声、观秋花，处处都引发惜别之情。又“小黄昏、绀云暮合”夕阳西下，不见传来书信，内心何其失望与惆怅。由“灯外败壁哀恐”，搅扰“夜阑心事”。见到月中桂树，联想到“行云远”人在月中。情景相融，意境优美。
二是活用典故：如“宋玉秋花相比瘦，赋情更苦似秋浓”，用一层写法，自己怀人之苦，甚于宋玉悲秋。又如“宜城当时放客”，用顾况诗意自喻苏州去妾之事，亦较自然。又如以红叶题诗之典，加一“怕”字，境界耐人体味。尾韵暗用楚王与神女相会之事以及嫦娥奔月故事，与作者思念去姬之情，也较吻合。
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纳兰性德《
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吴文英《
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点绛唇·有怀苏州》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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释居简
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教欲明南国，无如小召公。埙篪后先奏，鲁卫古今同。
特操银潢远，清班玉笋空。洛阳潮雪外，脚脚是华风。
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绝句六首
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王跂
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花朵正怜多鞢，柳梢偏爱小差池。
陶潜狭室夸容膝，庾信低窗诉碍眉。¤
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下邳初见山
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孙继皋
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好山晴日片帆移，忽似江南春泛时。但得蓬窗当对此，不妨官舫去迟迟。