从军诗五首·其五
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魏晋]：王粲
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悠悠涉荒路，靡靡我心愁。
四望无烟火，但见林与丘。
城郭生榛棘，蹊径无所由。
雚蒲竟广泽，葭苇夹长流。
日夕凉风发，翩翩漂吾舟。
寒蝉在树鸣，鹳鹄摩天游。
客子多悲伤，泪下不可收。
朝入谯郡界，旷然消人忧。
鸡鸣达四境，黍稷盈原畴。
馆宅充廛里，士女满庄馗。
自非圣贤国，谁能享斯休？
诗人美乐土，虽客犹愿留。
从军诗五首·其五译文及注释
译文
忧心忡忡走在荒野之路，缓缓而行我满心忧愁。
四面环望不见人家烟火，看见的只有那荒林山丘。
城郊长遍了树丛杂草，小道荒芜没有人行走。
芦荻蒲草遮满了河面，苇草顺着水势向下流。
夕阳西下凉风吹起，风吹小船行驶轻悠悠。
寒秋之蝉在树头鸣叫，白鹳天鹅在高空遨游。
我的心头有许多忧愁，泪水纷纷落下很难止住。
早上进入了谯郡境地，豁然开朗叫人解除了烦忧。
雄鸡唱晓传遍了四面八方，田地里庄稼长得绿油油。
城里镇上屋含遍布，男男女女行走街头。
如果不是有圣贤治国，谁能够将这福分享受。
古时的诗人曾称美乐土，虽是行客我也愿在此长留。
注释
悠悠：忧思的样子。涉：徒步渡水，此处意为徒步行走。
靡（mí）靡：行路迟缓。《诗·王风·黍离》：“行迈靡靡。”
烟火：人烟。
但：只。丘：小山包。
城郭：内城和外城。此泛指城邑。榛（zhēn）棘（jí）：丛生的树木和野草。
蹊（xī）径：小路。由：经过。
雚（huán）：芦类植物，幼时叫蒹，长成后称雚。蒲：水生植物，即蒲草。竟：遍布。广泽：浩渺的水泽。
葭（jiā）苇：初生的芦苇，此处泛指苇草。
夕：日落的时候。
漂吾舟：风吹船行疾速，故有漂浮之感。
寒蝉：秋后的蝉。
鹳（guàn）鹄（hú）：这里泛指大鸟。摩天：迫近于天，形容很高。
客子：旅居异乡的人。此处为诗人自称。
收：结束，停止。
谯（qiáo）：郡名，曹操的故乡，在今安徽亳（bó）县。
旷然：豁然开朗。
达：及。四境：四方，各处，指谯郡地界。《孟子·公孙丑下》：“鸡鸣狗吠相闻，而达乎四境，而齐有其民矣。”
黍（shǔ）稷（jì）：两种谷物，此泛指庄稼。盈：满。原畴：田野。
馆宅：房舍。廛（chán）里：古代城镇里住宅的通称。
士女：男子和女子。馗（kuí）：通“逵”，四通八达的大道。
自非：假如不是。圣贤：指曹操。
斯：这。休：美善，指和乐美好的生活。
诗人：指《诗·魏风·硕鼠》的作者。乐土：安乐幸福的地方。《诗·魏风·硕鼠》：“逝将去汝，适彼乐土。”
客：指诗人自己。
参考资料：
1、陈宏天 赵福海 陈复兴主编．《昭明文选译注（第三卷）（第二版）》：吉林文史出版社，2007年04月第2版：第216-225页
从军诗五首·其五鉴赏
全诗可分为前后两部分。前半部分写征吴途中所见山河破碎的荒凉景象。开头二句先点出自己的感受：。接着，作者以沉痛的笔调具体地描绘了饱受战火蹂躏的残破河山：人烟断绝，空旷孤寂的荒野，这是大背景。昔日人口稠密、富庶繁华的城镇，此时成了一片废墟。人烟稀少，杂草丛生，残垣断壁，国破家亡，这正是动乱的社会现实的真实写照。“雚蒲”六句，诗人把镜头从远处拉回到身边，对周围的环境作进一步的渲染。蒲苇满泽的荒野，黄昏时分的凉风，随波漂浮的扁舟，凄厉哀鸣的寒蝉，凌空飞翔的鹳鹄，组成了一幅萧瑟凄凉的画面。身处此境的“客子”，当然要“泪下不可收”了。这里的景物并不是随意拾掇的，而是为渲染气氛、烘托人物心情的需要精心选择的。当然，这也是为反对军阀混战这个主题服务的，虽然没有一句直接抨击的言辞，但诗人把强烈的感情渗透在景物的描写之中，因而句句都隐含着批判的锋芒。
然而，重重黑暗的尽头，忽然透出了一道曙光。在弥望的荒芜焦土之中，一片充满生气的乐土，出现在面前。这就是作者笔下的谯郡——曹操的故乡。这是作者的总体感受，一踏上谯郡的地界，所有的忧愁便烟消云散，心情豁然开朗。这与前半部分的“靡靡我心愁”截然相反，形成了鲜明的对比。同时，作者笔下的环境，也是另一番光景：先写质朴的田园风光：宁静、富庶、和睦，便如同陶渊明的《桃花源记》里描写一般：“土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。”两者所表现的画面和所寄寓的对太平社会的向往之情，有着惊人的相似之处，只不过一个是理想，一个是稍带夸张的现实，接着，作者又写到繁华的都市风貌：“馆宅充廛里，女士满庄馗。“谯郡是曹操的故乡，诗人把谯郡的生活写得那么美好，自然是对曹操的热烈歌颂，这虽然是一种历史的局限，但在当时却是一种普遍的心理状态，在战乱频仍的年代，人们总是热切盼望出现一位好皇帝，治理好天下，使人民过着幸福安定的生活。所以这种写法，也并不是不自然的。最后，诗人对这理想乐土发出了由衷赞美：“乐土”，是作者所向往的幸福之地。留恋故乡，是人之常情；客居异地总是不愿久留的。诗人自己在流寓荆州时也曾说：“虽信美而非吾土兮，曾何足以少留？”（《登楼赋》）可是此诗结尾却说：这里虽然不是自己的故乡，也愿意长久地生活在这里。这就更强烈地表现了诗人对曹操的赞美，反映了人民向往安定生活的愿望。
此诗的创作意图主要是通过荒土和乐土的对照，表达自己反对军阀混战、向往幸福安定生活的愿望。作品前后两个部分基本上是一一对应，这是作者的精心安排，体现了作者的这一创作意图。这两幅截然相反的画面并列在一起，造成了鲜明的对比，从而深化了主题，增强了作品的艺术魅力。
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苏轼《
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雪后书北台壁二首》
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李白《
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代寿山答孟少府移文书》
王粲简介
唐代·王粲的简介
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王粲（177-217），字仲宣，山阳郡高平（今山东微山）人。东汉末年著名文学家，“建安七子”之一，由于其文才出众，被称为“七子之冠冕”。初仕刘表，后归曹操。
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宋代：
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曾丰
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千古一碑得人爱，来书碑后几前辈。相颉颃甚曾不饶，自混融之了无碍。
太平天子狃开元，驯致马嵬悔何逮。桑阴未徙宗庙安，储皇功岂不云倍。
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宝气亭三首
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宋代：
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赵蕃
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徐家笔力见南唐，今代更推江夏黄。
屹立二碑端不朽，未输滕阁擅三王。