清平乐·发汉儿村题壁
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清代]：纳兰性德
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参横月落，客绪从谁托。望里家山云漠漠，似有红楼一角。
不如意事年年，消磨绝塞风烟。输与五陵公子，此时梦绕花前。
清平乐·发汉儿村题壁译文及注释
译文
月亮已落，夜色已深，心头的愁绪叉能向谁诉说。透过微薄的月色，向家乡的方向放眼远望，一片寒烟萦绕，隐约中只能看见红楼的一角。
不如意的事情年年都有，这塞外寒烟里，竞蹉跎了好些年岁。哪里比得上那京城之中的富家公子们，此时一定在楼中梦里笙歌，还没有醒来。
注释
清平乐：词牌名，又名《清平乐令》《醉东风》《忆萝月》，双调四十六字，前段四句四仄韵，后段四句三平韵。
汉儿村：地名，具体位置尚待考证。
参（shēn）横月落：指落月与横斜的星显得参差不齐的样子。参：参宿，二十八宿之一，属西方土宿。中间三颗星俗称三星。
漠漠：这里指大面积分布的样子。
红楼：即家园中的楼阁。
绝塞：遥远的边塞。
五陵公子：京都富豪子弟。五陵：以西汉王朝在这里设立的五个陵邑而得名，古人以五陵代指京都繁华之地。
参考资料：
1、清）纳兰性德著．侯清恒，李少辉注评,纳兰词赏析：中国言实出版社，2015.04：第261页
2、（清）纳兰性德著．孙红颖解译,纳兰词全鉴：中国纺织出版社，2016.02：第297页
清平乐·发汉儿村题壁创作背景
张草纫《纳兰词笺注》载：“按词中描写的是秋冬景色，且曰‘榆塞重来’，可知是指作者于康熙二十一年（1682年）八月至十二月随副都统郎谈赴梭龙时第二次至山海关，故应系于该年八、九月份。”
参考资料：
1、闵泽平编著．纳兰词全集 汇编汇评汇校：崇文书局，2012.03：第152页
清平乐·发汉儿村题壁鉴赏
上片侧重写景，“参横月落，客绪从谁托”，是写眼前的实景，月亮已落，参星横斜，正是天将破晓之际，纳兰已经要从汉儿村出发了。“客绪”是指一种行旅怀乡的愁思。这满心的情绪，真真是，又该从何说起。在这样的茫然无奈中，词人抛出了虚化的两句，“望里家山云漠漠，似有红楼一角”则是虚笔，太多执着的情绪容易让人产生幻觉，纳兰似乎也并不介意在这里用这种方式变现他思乡之情。红楼显然是想象之语，而在这里，“楼”并不是重点，红楼一角之下，定是有佳人倚栏，翘首企盼着词人的归期吧，此情悠悠，两心知。
下片侧重写情。先说后两句，“输与五陵公子，此时梦绕花前”，单看这两句自然是无头无脑，不过连上前面两句，“不如意事年年，消磨绝塞风烟”就可以看出，纳兰这其实是在抱怨了。他感叹道自己年年都有不如意之事，要戍守塞外，在缕缕风烟中消磨时光。看来，纳兰自己的确是比不上此时正在游赏玩乐的京城贵族子弟们啊，他们恐怕此时正过着活色天香般的生活吧。词人拿远行在外孤寂无聊的自己，和在京师里过着悠闲生活的人们相比，在看似情绪平静的表面之下，他实在是忍不住满腹牢骚。短短四句，言浅而意深。
这样一个结句，也是对上片落句的回照，在整首词里构成了一种前后勾连、回环往复的韵致，《清平乐》这样短小的词牌能写出这样回环往复的意味，可见纳兰情意之深切，也更让人觉得其中哀伤之情愈加的缠绵委婉。
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韦庄《
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题盘豆驿水馆后轩》
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苏轼《
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游金山寺》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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