瑞鹤仙·悄郊原带郭
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宋代]：周邦彦
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悄郊原带郭，行路永，客去车尘漠漠。斜阳映山落，敛馀红、犹恋孤城阑角。凌波步弱，过短亭、何用素约。有流莺劝我，重解绣鞍，缓引春酌。
不记归时早暮，上马谁扶，醒眠朱阁。惊飙动幕，扶残醉，绕红药。叹西园、已是花深无地，东风何事又恶？任流光过却，犹喜洞天自乐。
瑞鹤仙·悄郊原带郭译文及注释
译文
郊外的原野挨着城郭舒展开去。长路漫漫，客人已乘车离去，留下一溜迷茫的尘烟。一片寂静落寞。夕阳映照着远山徐徐落下，却迟迟不忍收去它那最后一抹的余红，犹如恋恋难舍城楼上那一角栏杆。陪我同去送客的歌妓一路上步态轻盈，这时也感到劳顿，于是来到短亭歇息，不期然竞遇到了我相好的情人，真是有情人何须事前相约。她劝我下马，重解绣鞍，再喝上几杯春酒，她那圆柔悦耳的嗓音、温情体贴的劝说，让我十分舒心。
醒来时发现自己睡在红楼里，不是正在短亭里与情人饮酒吗？是什么时候回来的，是昨晚还是今晨？又是谁扶我上马鞍？我竟然全记不得了。忽然一阵疾风，吹得帘幕飘飞翻动。我带着醉意，急匆匆来到西园，扶起吹倒的芍药，绕着红花长叹，叹我西园已是败花满地，这凶残的东风为何又如此作恶？罢，罢，罢，任凭春光如水般流逝吧，尚可欣喜的是我还有一个洞天福地，还能自得其乐。
注释
馀红：指落日斜晖。
阑角：城楼上阑杆一角。
凌波：形容女子步态轻盈。曹植《洛神赋》：“凌波微步，罗袜生尘。”
短亭：古时于城外五里处设短亭，十里处设长亭，供行人休息。庾信《哀江南赋》：“十里五里，长亭短亭。”
素约：先前约定。
流莺：即莺。流，形容其声音婉转。比喻女子声音柔软。
缓引春酌：慢饮春酒。
上马谁扶：李白《鲁中都东楼醉起作》：“昨日东楼醉，还应倒接罱。阿谁扶上马，不省下楼时。”
惊飙：狂风。
红药：红芍药。
西园：曹植《公宴》：“清夜游西园，飞盖相追随。”曹植所言西园在邺城（今河北临漳），此处系用典。
洞天：洞中别有天地之意，道家称神仙所居之地为“洞天”，有王爱山等十大洞天、泰山等三十六洞天之说。此处喻自家小天地。
参考资料：
1、雅瑟．《宋词三百首鉴赏大全集》．北京：新世界出版社，2011：173
2、何锐．《唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首》（合订注释本）．成都：巴蜀书社，1992：385
3、王兆鹏，黄崇浩．《宋词三百首注评》．南京：凤凰出版社，2005：117
4、范晓燕．《宋词三百首赏译》．长沙：湖南人民出版社，2005：158
5、谷学彝．《宋词三百首》（新注本）．北京：中华书局，2006：92
6、陈文豹，陈文豹．《宋词三百首》．兰州：甘肃民族出版社，1999：184-185
瑞鹤仙·悄郊原带郭创作背景
宣和三年（1121）四月，词人自汴京或顺昌府（今安徽省阜阳一带）赴处州（今浙江丽水一带）途中经扬州（农历四月是扬州红药的盛花期），此词正是写于此时。词人宣和三年（1121）四月尚在扬州，五月前就已经逝世，所以此词很可能是他所作的最后一首词。
参考资料：
1、姜钧．《宋词大鉴赏》．北京：外文出版社，2012：152
瑞鹤仙·悄郊原带郭鉴赏
此此记词人送客遇妓醉饮的一段情事。按时间顺序先写郊原送客，次写归途遇妓欢饮，后写醉归惜花抒感。这段看似是写送客情事，实则是写词人政治失意的郁闷。
上片前三句写郊外的原野，长长的道路伸向远方。行人离去后，词人感到怅然若失，心里空落落的。后两句写孤城和残阳斜照，表达离愁别绪。词人把斜阳比喻成“余红”，相当新颖，并把感情寄托在余红上，说斜阳由于不舍城楼上的一处栏杆，迟迟不肯收敛起最后的一抹余晖。用斜阳对栏杆的不舍，来映衬词人对离去之人的不舍。这样，人与景融为一体，都被浓浓的离愁别绪笼罩着。接着，词人笔锋一转，描写陪同送行的歌妓。歌妓极力劝酒，词人大醉。
下片写次日酒醒后的情况。首三句将词人初醒时的睡眼惺忪刻画得入木三分。他已经不太记得昨天的事了，甚至都不知道自己是怎么上的马，头脑里一片恍惚。幸好“惊飙动幕”，一阵狂风吹动来，掀起了窗帏，他的醉意立马被吹散了几分，一下子清醒多了，但并未完全清醒。“扶残醉，绕红药”表达了对春光的深爱之情。只有情深，方才能有下面的“叹”。“东风何事又恶”和上文的“惊飙”二字遥相呼应，结构严谨有序。结句词人暂时抛却烦恼，在无可奈何的情况下只好聊以自慰。
全词布局巧妙，章法一曲三折，直叙中有波澜起伏，顺叙中有插叙，令人回味。词作用比兴的手法，寓情于景，情景交融，委婉动人。
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苏轼《
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出颍口初见淮山是日至寿州》
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杜甫《
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绝句四首·其二》
周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。
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明代：
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留别定国侄
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明代：
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李孙宸
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从子吾家彦，气骨负高奇。少小同铅椠，古道相与期。
及予返休沐，竹林日追随。两雏赖教植，余亦借箴规。