浣溪沙·菊节
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宋代]：苏轼
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缥缈危楼紫翠间，良辰乐事古难全。感时怀旧独凄然。
璧月琼枝空夜夜，菊花人貌自年年。不知来岁与谁看。
浣溪沙·菊节译文及注释
译文
高楼缥缈在紫绿双色之间，良辰与乐事都凑齐全，从古至今，着实很难。感时怀旧，独自凄然。
圆月和玉树只闪现于夜夜，菊花与人貌却经行在年年。不知来年，我将跟谁一道赏观。
注释
浣溪沙：唐代教坊曲名，后用为词牌。分平仄两体，字数以四十二字居多，还有四十四字和四十六字两种。
缥缈（piāo miǎo）：隐隐约约若有若无貌。白居易《长恨歌》：“忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。”危楼：高楼。
良辰乐事：谢灵运《拟魏太子邺中集诗八首序》：“天下良辰、美景、赏心、乐事，四者难并，今昆弟友朋，二三诸彦，共尽之矣。”
璧月琼枝：玉璧似的明月，玉树的枝条。语本南朝陈后主后官诗：“璧月夜夜满，琼树朝朝新。”
菊花人貌：中唐戎昱诗：“菊花一岁岁相似，人貌一年年不同。”按戎诗当由初唐刘希夷诗“年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同”两句变化而来。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹主编,苏轼词新释辑评 上册,中国书店,2007.1,第250-252页
2、薛玉峰著,苏东坡词今译,中国文联出版社,2012.09,第18页
浣溪沙·菊节创作背景
此词作于宋神宗熙宁七年（1074年）九月八日，是苏轼与杨绘（元素）分袂时写下的别情词。苏轼因对杭州的依依不舍和对杨绘人品的敬佩、赞赏以及出任州官的喜悦，写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹主编,苏轼词新释辑评 上册,中国书店,2007.1,第250-252页
浣溪沙·菊节鉴赏
作品有两个比较明显的特点。一是以乐景写愁情。开端“缥缈危楼紫翠间”一句，写紫气升腾的青山中间隐约可见的高楼，这种神仙洞府般的美景作了饯别宴会的自然背景（略带人文色彩），然而“感时怀旧独凄然”，词人在这离别的时刻，禁不住感叹时光的流逝，怀念值得回首的往事，独自伤心起来。显而易见，这是以乐景写愁情。词人面对使人快乐的美景尚且有“凄然”之感，可以想见离别时悲伤情绪的浓重，是收到了双倍的艺术效果的。
二是富于理趣。这首小词就有三处表现出哲理意趣。第一是上片的“良辰乐事古难全”一句，实际意思是说，天下良辰（美好的时光）、美景、赏心、乐事，这四者自古以来就是难以同时存在的。这里“良辰”涵盖“美景”，上承起句而言；“乐事”涵盖“赏心”，转出下句悲伤之意。虽有现成出典，却从词人的亲身体验出发，表达了自然与人生的高度和谐的境界（具有共时性）不可多得这样的感喟，还是耐人寻味的。第二是过片“璧月琼枝空夜夜，菊花人貌自年年”两句，写对别后岁月的想象，同样运用了有关语典。前一句以“璧月琼枝”状写美的境界，以“夜夜”形容时间的漫长，而由于不能与友人相聚，佳境也无法共赏，词人用一“空”字表达了物是人非的深深遗憾；后一句以“菊花”与“人貌”对举，其实是“岁岁相似”与“年年不同”相形，或者说是以花开依旧来反衬人貌已非，从而深化了词人的人生感慨。第三，是篇末推想“不知来岁与谁看”。这里的“来岁”应指来年今日，所“看”的对象则包括开头所写的自然美景，也包括过片写到的“璧月琼枝”这种美的境界。而冠以“不知”二字，便传写出人生无常（由时间的推移引起人事的变化）、佳期难再的唱叹，
总之，这首小词在抒写离愁别绪的同时，也写下了词人对自然与人生的某些哲理性思考，而又不失诗的韵味；虽然调子低了一些，留下了佛家思想的痕迹，能给人以丰厚的启示。
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刘长卿《
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苕溪酬梁耿别后见寄》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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