蝶恋花·阅尽天涯离别苦
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清代]：王国维
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阅尽天涯离别苦，不道归来，零落花如许。花底相看无一语，绿窗春与天俱莫。(俱莫一作：俱暮)
待把相思灯下诉，一缕新欢，旧恨千千缕。最是人间留不住，朱颜辞镜花辞树。
蝶恋花·阅尽天涯离别苦译文及注释
译文
行遍天涯，看尽人情。想不到重回故地时，故人已如花飘零。忆当时与她花下别离，相对无言，只有离愁别绪噎胸间，现在只剩绿窗青天如故，却已非当时风景了。
想在这萤萤孤灯下细诉相思，新人如玉好，旧人无奈向谁边？早知道这世间美丽的东西都不长久，都难长留，明镜空在，何处得照玉颜，恰似花儿飘落，只余空枝残干，显我孤清。
注释
阅：经历。
不道：不料。
如许：像这样。
绿窗：绿色的纱窗，指女子居所。韦庄《菩萨蛮》：“劝我早归家，绿窗人似花。”
朱颜：青春年少的容颜。李煜《虞美人》：“雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。”辞镜花辞树。
参考资料：
1、王国维．《王国维文集》：北京燕山出版社，2009-7-1：第217-219页
蝶恋花·阅尽天涯离别苦创作背景
光绪三十一年（1905）春天，长期奔走在外的词人回到家乡海宁。夫人莫氏原本就体弱多病，久别重逢，只见她面色更显憔悴，不禁万分感伤。这首词，或许就是此时而作
蝶恋花·阅尽天涯离别苦鉴赏
“阅尽”三句：我早已历尽天涯离别的痛苦，想不到归来时，却看到百花如此零落的情景。三句甚好。天涯离别之苦，不抵时光流逝之悲。加倍写来，意尤深厚。
“花底”二句：我跟她，在花底黯然相看，都无一语。绿窗下的芳春，也与天时同样地迟暮了。“无一语”，益觉悲凉。春暮，日暮，象征着情人们年华迟暮。
“待把”三句：本来准备在夜阑灯下，细诉别后的相思。可是，一点点新的欢娱，又勾起了无穷的旧恨。三句更着力写迟暮的悲感。当日的别离，辜负了大好芳春，这千丝万缕的怨恨是无法消除的。
最是”二句：在人世间最留不住的是：那在镜中一去不复返的青春和离树飘零的落花。“辞镜”二字新，有点铁成金之妙。两“辞”字重用亦佳。
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朱熹《
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王国维简介
唐代·王国维的简介
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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