暮归
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唐代]：杜甫
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霜黄碧梧白鹤栖，城上击柝复乌啼。
客子入门月皎皎，谁家捣练风凄凄。
南渡桂水阙舟楫，北归秦川多鼓鼙。
年过半百不称意，明日看云还杖藜。
暮归译文及注释
译文
秋箱打黄了碧绿的梧桐树上，白鹤在栖息，城楼上的梆子声惊得乌鸦在啼叫。
踏着明亮的月色我回家进门，寒凉的风中传来不知谁家的捶绢声。
想南去渡过桂水却没有船只，想北回秦川又到处战乱不息。
虽然年过半百却不称心如意，明天看云还要抚杖而行。
注释
黄：在此用作动词，霜使原来的碧梧变黄。梧：梧桐。
柝（tuò）：击柝即打更。乌：乌鸦。
客子：作者自谓。
捣练：捣洗白绸。
桂水：今连江，一说为漓江，均在广西。这里应指湘水。阙：缺。
秦川：古地区名。今陕西、甘肃的秦岭以北平原地一带。这里指长安。鼙（pí）：一种军用小鼓。鼓鼙在唐诗之中常用来比喻战争。可能是指当年吐蕃入侵。
不称意：不如意。
杖：拄（杖）。藜（lí）：用藜茎制成的手杖。
参考资料：
1、宋红．每依北斗望京华：杜甫卷：河南文艺出版社，2003：125
2、杨佐义．全唐诗精品译注汇典（上）：长春出版社，1994：847-848
暮归创作背景
此诗当作于唐代宗大历三年（768）诗人在公安（今湖北公安）时。此前杜甫在夔州的时候，写出了不少调高律细的诗篇，同时又想尝试一种新的诗体。有一天，他写了一篇非古非律，亦古亦律的七言诗《愁》，题下自己注道：“强戏为吴体。”这首《暮归》也是一首吴体七律。
参考资料：
1、宋红．每依北斗望京华：杜甫卷：河南文艺出版社，2003：125
2、曹余章．历代文学名篇辞典：上海教育出版社，1990：230
暮归鉴赏
这首诗前四句写暮归的景色，营造出凄凉的氛围，衬托诗人的悲哀之感。白鹤都已栖止在被浓霜冻黄的绿梧桐边。城头已有打更击柝的声音，还有乌鸦的啼声。寄寓在此地的客人回进家门时，月光已亮了，不知谁家妇女还在捣洗白练，风传来悲凄的砧杵声。天色晚了，城上守卫兵要打梆子警夜。唐诗中写夜景，常有捣练、捣衣、砧杵之类的词语。大约当时民间妇女都在晚上洗衣服，木杵捶打衣服的声音，表现了民生困难，故诗人听了有悲哀之感。
下半首四句也同样转入抒情。要想渡桂水而南行，可没有船；要想北归长安，路上还多兵戎。都是去不得。年纪已经五十多岁，事事不称心，明天还只得拄着手杖出去看云。这最后一句是描写他旅居夔州时生活的寂寞无聊，只好每天拄杖看云。浦起龙说：“结语见去志。”（《读杜心解》）此评并不准确。应该说第三联见去志，结句所表现的并不是去志，而是寂寞无聊。
这首拗体七律体现了杜甫在诗艺上的追求。在这首诗中值得注意的艺术特点是虚实结合。尤其是第一句“霜黄碧梧白鹤栖”，一句中出现了三种颜色。仔细推究，这些颜色是有虚实之分的。“黄”和“白”是实在的，但“碧”就是虚写，因为“碧梧”叶已给严霜打“黄”了。可见用字也像用兵那样，可以“虚虚实实”。“虚写”，实质就是突破词义的束缚，使词的组合形式达到意义的丰富性，有更强的艺术感染力。杜甫的“语不惊人死不休”的努力就是一种“陌生化”的艺术感染力，值得借鉴。
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马周《
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凌朝浮江旅思》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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