溪晚凉
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唐代]：李贺
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白狐向月号山风，秋寒扫云留碧空。
玉烟青湿白如幢，银湾晓转流天东。
溪汀眠鹭梦征鸿，轻涟不语细游溶。
层岫回岑复叠龙，苦篁对客吟歌筒。
溪晚凉译文及注释
译文
一只白狐在向月嗥叫，山风吹来深谷的回声，秋夜的寒气扫净云絮，露出幽碧明净的天空；
谷底升起潮湿的烟雾，像白色的玉柱缓缓移动，银河无声地流转，向着东方，流转个不停；
溪边安睡着鹭鸟，野汀的宿雁正在作梦，只有溪水静静地流淌，轻溅的水花细语淙淙；
重叠的山峦连绵起伏，看似条条盘曲的卧龙，夜风吹动着竹林，为山外来客奏起箫笙。
注释
①碧空：幽碧明净的天空。
②玉烟：指炊烟。幢：旌幡。青湿，疑指炊烟黑而湿润。烟黑白相杂，故云“玉”、云“白”。钱钟书举此句为例，以为长吉镂金刻玉，与法国诗人戈蒂埃同。
③银湾，即银河。晓转，指夜半银河渐东，转而至晓。一说，“晓转”，指光明如晓。
④“溪汀眠鹭梦征鸿，轻涟不语细游溶”句：鹭眠而听雁鸣，故惊醒而偶有飞起者。一说指群鸟寂然栖息，故下旬云波水轻涟，静而无声，非是。上句写静中有动；下句写动中有静，不可一以贯之。游溶，指溪水流动缓慢。不语，言水声之低小，非“无声”意。
⑤层岫回岑：指山势起伏曲折如龙，故日“复叠龙”。
⑥苦篁（huáng）：苦竹。吟歌简，风吹篁竹，啸如歌吟。筒，竹管，箫笛均以竹管为之。
参考资料：
1、刘衍．刘衍论著集 第一卷：湖南文艺出版社，2008.1：第300页
2、滕学钦．李贺诗歌全集简疏 今译：中国书店，2010.09：第259页
溪晚凉创作背景
元和八年（公元813年）春李贺辞官家居，次年秋入潞欲从戎有所作为，此诗或为这年秋天家居时所作。
参考资料：
1、徐传武．李贺诗集译注：山东教育出版社，1992年08月第1版：第412页
溪晚凉鉴赏
诗的前半篇描绘秋空的澄碧、瑰丽。起句以月、风点明“晚凉”题意，落想奇特。所谓“自狐号风”，不过写月下风声。鲍照《芜城赋》曰：“木魅山鬼，野鼠城狐，风嗥雨啸，昏见晨趋。”诗人化用此意，想象风声如狐号，表明山风之厉。所以言“白”，因为月光下白色不可见，说“白狐号风”，不但使想象之情切合眼前之景，而且“白”字突现了月色之皎洁。“秋寒”之感缘于山风，次句说“秋夜的寒气驱散了浮云”。越发显得山风强劲，凉意侵人。“留”字用得巧妙，表明山风过后，浮云敛尽，天质独露，在我们眼前展现出澄碧而寥廓的夜空。
三、四句写晚烟、银河，情态生动，如织如绘。轻烟本呈淡青色，在溪水和夜露的潮润中，缓缓浮动，凝聚不散，显得“青湿”；月色朗朗，夜气澄清，晚烟在月光中洁净、明亮如玉。故日“玉烟”。再看那姿态，缭绕悬浮，摇曳不定，宛如风中飘动的白色幢幡。诗人细腻的笔触，生动的描绘，首先来自他细心的观察。“银湾”一词，意即银河，是诗人的造语，却十分妥帖。既称银河，便弯曲宛转如河水，使人产生“流”的感觉，银河在天边倾侧而下。恰似一弯流水奔向天东。“晓”字青银河皎皎，光明如晓；“晓转”便是闪光流转之意，又暗示月移星动，夜色渐深。秋月碧空，玉烟银湾，构成了一幅瑰丽多彩的图景。
诗的后半篇写地面景象，极显秋夜之静谧。溪边的沙汀是水鸟栖息嬉戏之地，此刻早已寂无声息。诗人想象白鹭正梦见征鸿远去，引起悠远的梦思。这种巧妙的构想，将人的情态赋与水鸟，意在唤起读者的生活经验，由眠鹭酣梦之深感受到溪边的寂静。接着又拟水如人，“不语”二字，意味着白昼水面的喧闹早已消逝，溪水在夜色的抚摸下安歇。诗人用一连串形容词“轻”、“细”、“游溶”，分别描写水波轻动、波纹细微、水流徐缓之状，十分细腻逼真。
七、八句写远山、近竹，这是岸上景色。夜看远山，不辨草木，惟见山影。“层”字显出峰峦重叠之势，“回”字写出山体盘旋曲折之形，“复叠龙”三字更将山势比作鳞甲重叠、蜿蜒盘曲，的乌龙。诗人未写竹影，只写风动苦篁泠泠有声。仿佛箫管奏呜。同过客的吟诵相应和。读者则从这竹声的描绘中，想象到星光之下竹影幢幢、随风摇曳的动人景象。
全篇描写，重在“静”境的表现。诗人巧运匠心，寓静于动，将夜中景物写得情态生动，色泽鲜明，而且富于活力，愈显出夜的静谧。尤令人叹服之处是，诗人善于驰骋想象，将不易觉察、也就不易表现的大自然的声息，化为生动具体的形象，使人可睹可闻，而且情趣横生。奇妙的想象贯穿全诗，成为这首诗最突出的艺术特色。在语言上，诗人善于锻字炼句，且反复勾绘，每一景物都刻划得淋漓尽致。
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杜甫《
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山寺》
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马臻《
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至节即事》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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宋代：
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岳珂
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金城十仞据阳池，三镇高扃死不随。
自是天恩浃肌髓，不关左衽限戎夷。