剑门
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唐代]：杜甫
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唯天有设险，剑门天下壮。
连山抱西南，石角皆北向。
两崖崇墉倚，刻画城郭状。
一夫怒临关，百万未可傍。
珠玉走中原，岷峨气凄怆。
三皇五帝前，鸡犬各相放。
后王尚柔远，职贡道已丧。
至今英雄人，高视见霸王。
并吞与割据，极力不相让。
吾将罪真宰，意欲铲叠嶂！
恐此复偶然，临风默惆怅。
剑门译文及注释
译文
天帝在人间设下一些险阻，剑门之险雄居天下。
连绵的群山抱护着西南，山壁的石角指向北方。
两崖如同相并的两堵高墙，岩石的纹理刻画出城郭的形状。
这里确乎是一人奋勇当关，百万人马无法靠前。
蜀地的珠玉财宝流向中原，连岷山、峨眉也为之气色惨淡。
想那三皇五帝的时代，蜀地百姓安居乐业亲密无间。
后代君王务以柔远，设宫纳贡致使淳朴的风俗中断。
直到今天一些英雄豪杰，仍想据蜀称霸分裂江山。
王者要并吞，霸者要割据，你争我夺拼力相残。
我要向天帝问罪，我要铲除这致乱的重山！
想到这种据险作乱的事情还会间或发生，我不禁临风惆怅、惶恐无言。
注释
剑门：即大剑山，在今四川剑阁县。大小剑山间，有栈道七十里，叫做剑阁。
设险：天造地设的险要。
石角：山峰的巨石。
崇墉（yōng）：高峻的城墙，用以形容两崖。
城：指都色四周用作防御的墙垣。郭：指外城。
关：指剑门山，山壁中断如关口。傍，靠近。
珠玉：一作“珠帛”，指征效的财物。中原：黄河中游地带，这里指代京都——朝廷所在地。
岷峨（mín é）：岷山和峨眉山，岷山在四川北部，峨眉山在四川中南部。凄怆：悲伤。
三皇五帝：传说中最古的一些帝王。三皇，说法不一，一般指燧人、伏羲、神农。见班固《白虎通》。五帝，指黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、帝尧、帝舜。
后王：致夏商周三朝的君主。柔远：语出《尚书·舜典》：“柔远能迩。”指对边远地区实行安抚怀柔政策。
职贡：意思就是规定各地方担负一定的劳役，按时交纳一定的贡物。也就是劳役和斌税。道：指上文所说先王时“鸡犬各相放”的政治。
霸王：称主称霸。割据叫霸，统一天下叫王。
并吞：指王者，如秦始皇等。割据：指霸者，如公孙述、刘备等。
真宰：指天，古人以为天主宰万物，故称。
铲叠嶂（zhàng）：削平重叠的山峦。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注：人民文学出版社，2002
2、邓魁英．杜甫选集：人民文学出版社，1998：151-152
3、韩成武．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997：342-343
剑门创作背景
唐肃宗乾元二年（759年）三月，唐王朝九节度的六十万大兵溃于邺城。唐王朝就此陷入分崩瓦解的局面。杜甫先从长安携家眷迁往秦州同谷（今甘肃成县），但杜甫在同谷居住不满一个月，因生活困难，只好南赴成都。这首即在途中所写。
参考资料：
1、韩成武．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997：342-343
2、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编：四川文艺出版社，1990：271-273
剑门鉴赏
这首诗的开始八句，突兀而起，描写了作者初见剑门山那种惊愕的神态。如此奇险、雄壮的大山，真是地造天设。山山相连环绕西南，山上的石头犄角都指向北方。两崖高耸，仿佛墙壁，砌垒之状，宛如城郭。只要有一个人怒而据守，即使百万人也莫敢近前。这些生动的描写，一方面是采用赋的手法，直接描绘山势的雄奇、险要和壮伟，展现了壮阔宏大的气势，十分形象，使人如临其境。诗中用“险”字、“壮”字来形容剑门，全篇都从这二字生发开去。另一方面，更重要的是诗中采用了赋中有兴的手法，寄寓了深刻的政治思想。尤其是“连山抱西南，石角皆北向”二句，意蕴丰厚，耐人寻味。”诗人从险峻的山势中，已经清醒意识到，这样险要的地理环境，容易被野心家所利用，随时都有脱离中央王朝，地方割据的危险。“石角”，表面是写山，其实是象征那些居心叵测的地方军阀。
在具体描写的基础上，作者针对时事，抒发议论。诗人先写当前朝廷剥削百姓，珠玉等物日往中原，故蜀民穷困，以至岷山、峨眉山也为之气色凄怆。其中“走”字系由《韩诗外传》中化用而来，卷六云：“夫珠出于江海，玉出于昆山，无足而至者，犹（同‘由’）主君好之也。”这就委婉曲折地指出了唐王朝对四川人民的苛敛和搜刮，从而揭示了天下致敌之由。之后，作者笔锋一转，又从历史的角度抒发议论。回想上古时代，四川未通中原，那时人们不分彼此，连鸡犬也是随便放的。而夏商周之后，虽对远方实行怀柔政策，但其设官受贡，开了后世苛捐猛征之先，并且对跋扈之徒也逐渐失去了控制，致使地方军阀高视阔步，称王称霸，彼此互不相让，厮杀得难解难分。这些议论，句句是说历史，而句句又联系着现实。
最后四句，诗人直抒胸臆表达对发动战争，割据祖国之人的强烈愤怒，和对祖国前途的忧虑。诗人说：我要谴责天公，真想铲平这重山叠嶂；想到割据一方的事将来会不时发生，我不禁临风惆怅、沉默无言了！这最后四句十分重要，是全诗的关键所在。“罪真宰”、“铲叠嶂”云云，与篇首对险、壮的极力描写，遥相呼应，使上面的描写落到实处；“恐此复偶然”，又是对“并吞”、“割据”等议论的总结，并进一步表达了对今后形势的忧虑。陈贻焮先生说：“诗人所虑者有二：一，剑门天险，利于军阀扼险割据，古已有之，今亦难保无虞；二，天府之国，物产丰富，若诛求太过，难免结怨生乱。这也就是这首诗的主旨。”（《杜甫评传》中卷）这深深的忧虑，使得全诗的结尾显得更为沉郁有力。然而，作者在最后一句，却又有意宕开一笔，“临风默惆怅”，生动地画出了诗人欲言难言的形象，隐隐透露出无可奈何的情绪，给人以悠然意远之感。诗歌突兀而起，经中间的转折变化，到最后的稍稍宕开，全诗像狂澜陡涨，腾挪跌宕百姓流转，把作者心潮变化的过程，生动地展现在读者面前，从而领悟到雄奇阔大、苍茫浩远的诗意。
杜甫在诗中议论，是开了宋人的以议论为诗先河，但杜甫的诗中议论也不同于一般宋诗。一方面，诗人的议论与景物和人事的描写是紧密结合在一起的，议论建立在生动的形象之上，自然生发。另一方面，作者在议论中融注着自己的激情，语语扣人心弦，因此毫不枯燥。再一方面，作者的议论处处针对着现实社会，因此毫不空泛。
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苏轼《
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行香子·丹阳寄述古》
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纳兰性德《
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生查子·东风不解愁》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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清苕达宜兴，道湖已成算。仆夫却告难，风浪卒莫玩。
劝我陟山麓，正尔免忧患。彼此有得失，我臆殊未断。
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瑞鹤仙 梨花
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近现代：
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黄绮
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院深人寂寂。怯细雨朝寒，睡浓无力。临轩一声笛。
甚惊心难定，玉阶孤立。蜂翻蝶集，便迷了归途应忆。
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新繁县显曜院
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宋代：
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梅挚
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绣地萦回宝势长，遍游宁倦徙胡床。禅斋不顾幡风影，讲席乱飞花雨香。
苔阵暗连僧榻古，蕉旗低映佛窗凉。我来懒上东台上，目送霜楸感北堂。
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命妓不至
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唐代：
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刘兼
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琴中难挑孰怜才，独对良宵酒数杯。苏子黑貂将已尽，
宋弘青鸟又空回。月穿净牖霜成隙，风卷残花锦作堆。
欹枕梦魂何处去，醉和春色入天台。